THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


B.  0.  BAKER 

LAWYER 
DAI  LAS,  TEXAS 


McKEE'S 


New  Standard  Shorthand 
Reader. 


BY 


L.    I.    Me  KEE. 


BUFFALO,  N.  Y. : 
McKEE  PUBLISHING  Co. 
1899- 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1S!»!». 

BY  L.  1.  McKEE, 
in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


Principles  secured  by  special  copyright. 


PREFACE. 

This  work  is  intended  to  be  a  connecting  link  between 
e/j 

^    the  New  Standard  Shorthand   text-book  and  the  begin- 
ce 
2    ning  of  actual  work  by  the  student,  after  having  learned, 

00 

13     thoroughly,  all  the  principles  of  the  system.     It  contains 

reading  matter,  correctly  outlined,  in  carefully  graded 
#2 

lessons,  and  closes  with  a  manual  of  dictation  exercises 
in 

z     selected  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  student  thorough 
practice  in  independent  outlining. 

The  author  has  aimed  to  present  matter  that  is  practi- 

fe    cal,  not  only  in  its  adaptation  to  the  student's  advance- 
ment, but,  also,  in  thought,  wherever  possible. 


452184 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Preface 3-4 

Index 5-6 

Introduction   .  7-8 


PART  FIRST. 

The  War  That  Made  Us  Free 10-13 

Washington's  Mother 14-17 

Business  Letter  No.  1 18-19 

Business  Letter  No.  2 - 20-21 

Punctuality 22-23 

Young  Man,  Strike  Out 24-27 

Choosing  a  Business 28-31 

Earn  Your  Salary 32-35 

The  Importance  of  Education 36-41 

How  to  Get  Rich 42-53 

Progress  in  Education 54-61 

Acquiring  Speed 62-65 


PART  SECOND. 

PLATE.  KEY. 

Benefits  of  Shorthand 69-72  97 

Business  Letter_No.  3 73  100 

Business  Letter  No.  4 73-74  101 

Busfness  Letter  No.  5 75  102 

Business  Letter  No.  6 76  103 

History  of  England 77-79  104 

Declaration  of  Independence 80-81  106 

Centennial  Oration 82-84  108 

Expert  Testimony 85-88  111 

Charge  to  Jury 89-94  114 


PART  THIRD. 

PAGE. 

Business  Correspondence 123 

Printers'  Correspondence 125 

Law  Correspondence 127 

Street  Railway  Correspondence 130 

Application  for  Position 137 

Extract  from  Adam  Bede 138 

A  Message  to  Garcia 139 

Court  Reporting 145 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Before  taking  up  this  book  it  is  presumed  that  the 
student  has  thoroughly  learned  all  the  principles  of  the 
New  Standard  Shorthand  system,  for  it  is  intended  that 
this  work  will  so  familiarize  the  student  with  those  prin- 
ciples as  to  make  rapid  writing  and  reading  easy. 

The  articles  comprised  herein  are  divided  in  such  a  way 
as  to  make  a  separate  division  under  chapter  heads  un- 
necessary. In  Part  First  the  keys  have  been  placed  on  the 
page  opposite  the  plates,  while  in  Part  Second  the  keys 
follow  the  plates  in  order  that  the  student  will  not  be  as 
readily  tempted  to  refer  from  one  to  the  other.  The 
student  should  first  read  the  shorthand  without  referring 
to  the  key  more  often  than  is  absolutely  necessary.  When 
he  can  read  the  page  readily,  without  access  to  the  key,  he 
should  then  carefully  transcribe  the  key  into  shorthand, 
taking  the  utmost  pains  to  make  the  outlines  correct  in  all 
cases.  Thereafter,  the  student  should  write  and  re- write 
the  same  article  from  dictation  until  he  has  no  trouble 
either  in  writing  rapidly  or  reading  that  which  he  has 
written. 

7 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

In  many  instances  the  student  will  see  words  outlined 
separately  that  he  had  learned  to  phrase  in  the  text-book. 
He  will  understand  that  in  such  cases  he  is  to  phrase  those 
words  as  he  has  learned  them.  If  the  student  has  learned 
the  phrasing  properly,  he  will  have  no  trouble  ;  if  he  has 
not  learned  them,  it  is  time  he  did  so.  Until  the  student 
has  completed  both  the  text-book  and  the  Reader,  and  at- 
tained a  fair  rate  of  speed,  he  should  not  attempt  to  phrase 
any  but  the  short  and  most  commonly  used  words. 

Prior  to  closing  each  recitation,  the  teacher  should  dic- 
tate new  matter  of  about  the  same  length  and  grade  as  the 
lesson  from  the  Reader  and  require  the  student  to  read 
back  what  he  has  written. 

In  connection  with  the  Reader  each  student  should  use 
the  "Student's  Shorthand  Vocabulary. "  This  Vocabulary 
contains  about  4,000  words  of  over  five  letters  and  those 
most  used,  leaving  space  for  shorthand  outline  before  each 
word.  Not  over  one  page  of  the  Vocabulary  should  be 
assigned  with  each  lesson  from  the  Reader.  After  the 
student  has  outlined  the  words  they  should  be  dictated  to 
him  in  the  class.  The  Vocabulary  work  will  familiarize 
the  student  with  the  outlining  of  a  large  list  of  words  and 
will  be  of  great  assistance  to  him  when  writing  from  dic- 
tation, Part  Third  of  the  Reader. 

8 


PART  FIRST. 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


THE  WAR  THAT  MADE  US  FREE. 

For  a  time  all  were  at  peace  ;  but  at  last  a  war  broke 
out  that  took  more  time  than  all  the  wars  of  the  past. 
You  have  heard  of  it,  it  may  be,  by  the  name  of  the  Revo- 
lution. There  are  some  old  men  who  fought  in  that  war 
who  are  alive  this  day .  You  see  the  cause  of  this  war  came 
out  of  what  our  men  thought  to  be  their  wrongs.  They 
thought  the  rule  of  England  too  hard,  and  that  they 
should  have  their  own  men  to  rule  them.  They  would 
have  gone  on  as  they  were,  if  they  had  thought  that  Eng- 
land was  just  to  them ;  but  she  put  a  tax  on  the  things 
they  had  to  use.  Do  you  know  what  a  tax  means?  It 
meant,  in  this  case,  that  when  our  men  bought  a  thing, 
they  had  to  pay  a  few  cents  more  than  its  real  price,  and 
these  few  cents  were  to  go  to  England.  Of  course  these 
few  cents  from  all  sides  grew  to  be  a  good  sum  and  was 
quite  a  help.  England  at  this  time,  made  a  law  which  we 
know 


10 


THE  WAR  THAT  MADE  US  FREE. 


o^    C7  o —  x 


O     TT 
/     \0 


\ 


• 


. 


G 


o 


o 


^>     O  --  ° 


11 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


by  the  name  of  the  Stamp  Act.  This  law,  which  gave 
to  England  a  tax  on  all  deeds,  was  one  great  cause  of 
the  wrath  of  our  men.  In  all  the  States  men  took  the 
same  view,  so  that  the  Stamp  Act  may  be  said  to  have  lit 
the  fire  which  in  time  made  such  a  blaze.  At  last  the 
King  gave  up  the  Stamp  Act,  but  said  he  had  a  right  to 
tax  us  as  he  chose.  There  was  great  joy  here  at  the  news 
that  the  Stamp  Act  was  to  be  heard  from  no  more,  For  a 
year  there  was  no  more  heard  of  a  tax,  but  then  a  new  act 
came.  This  tax  was  made  on  tea  and  glass,  and  such 
things,  which  were  in  use  all  the  time.  This  woke  new 
wrath,  and  troops  had  to  come  out  to  keep  the  peace,  which 
our  men  said  they  would  not  bear.  Our  men  were  brave, 
and  they  said,  with  strong  hearts :  "  The  strife  may  be 
long,  but  the  end  is  sure.  We  will  fight  for  our  homes, 
for  our  lands,  for  the  right. " 


12 


TSTEW     STANDARD    SHORTHAND    HEADER. 


0 


/ 


c 


o 


V"  *  f-~-*~-  "    )° 

^    /-     /    A    f 


O 


0^0 


/ 


NKW   STANDARD  SHORTHAND  KKADKR. 


WASHINGTON'S  MOTHER. 

The  mother  of  Washington  lived  on  a  small  farm  of 
her  own,  and  was  busy  all  day  long  in  looking  after  it  as  a 
means  of  support  for  her  children.  George,  her  oldest  son, 
was  early  trained  to  outdoor  labor,  which  made  him  hardy 
and  strong.  When  fourteen  years  old  he  wished  to  become 
a  sailor,  that  he  might  go  abroad  and  see  the  world .  Ho 
was  so  taken  up  with  the  idea  that  he  did  not,  at  first, 
notice  the  deep  grief  of  his  mother  when  she  saw  that  she 
must  soon  bid  him  farewell.  She  had  hoped  that  he  would 
give  all  the  strength  of  his  body  and  mind  to  serve  his  own 
people  in  America,  the  land  of  his  birth.  But,  when,  at 
last,  he  saw  how  sad  she  was  at  the  thought  of  his  leaving 
her,  George  could  not  bear  to  be  the  cause  of  such  sorrow  ; 
and,  for  a  mother's  sake,  gave  up  the  desire  of  his  heart, 
though  his  clothes  and  goods  were  already  on  board  of 
ship.  Some  years  afterwards  there  was  war  with  England. 
George  Washington  was  made '  .  . 


14 


WASHINGTON'S  MOTHER. 


>~o      o 

o 


C 


c 


15 


/ 


6 


O 

•     ° — & 


</ 

D 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


the  leader  of  the  American  armies.  When  she  was  told 
that  the  English  General  and  all  his  armies  were  in 
the  power  of  her  son,  her  first  thought  was  for  the 
country.  "Our  country  is  free,"  she  said,  "and  we  are 
going  to  have  peace."  During  the  seven  long  years  of 
war  the  good  old  lady  had  never  seen  her  son.  When, 
at  last,  he  was  able  to  leave  his  post  for  a  few  hours, 
General  Washington  went  on  foot  to  the  humble  home 
of  his  aged  parent,  to  whom,  next  to  God,  he  owed,  as  he 
always  said,  his  life  and  his  fame.  After  Washington  had 
been  made  President,  the  chief  of  a  great  people,  he  again 
went  to  see  his  mother.  "  I  have  been  chosen  head  of  our 
Nation,  and  have  come  to  bid  you  good-bye,  for  I  shall 
have  more  work  to  do  than  before  ;  but  when  the  term  of 
my  office  is  at  an  end  I  shall  see  you  again."  "  You  shall 
find  me  here  no  more, ' '  said  the  old  lady  ;  ' '  but  go,  my 
dear  George,  and  let  the  grace  of  God  forsake  thee  not." 


16 


NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND    READER. 


J 


O 


, 


\ 


So 


./. 


17 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


BUSINESS  LETTER.— No.  1. 

DEAR  SIR: 

We  are  in  receipt  of  yours  of  the  14th  inst.,  enclosing 
order  for  goods,  in  respect  to  which  we  beg  to  remind 
you  that  you  have  omitted  to  furnish  us  with  references, 
and  that  you  make  no  mention  of  the  mode  in  which  you 
propose  to  pay  for  the  goods.  We  need  scarcely  remind 
you  that  it  is  customary  in  all  cases  of  a  first  order  being 
given  to  furnish  satisfactory  references  or  to  forward  cash, 
and  as  we  have  not  heretofore  had  the  pleasure  of  trans- 
acting business  with  you,  and  have  no  knowledge  of  you, 
we  must  request  that  you  furnish  us  with  the  names  of 
some  two  or  three  respectable  houses  with  whom  you  are 
in  the  habit  of  doing  business,  or  to  express  your  willing- 
ness to  pay  ready  money  for  the  goods  ordered  upon  receipt 
of  invoice. 

Trusting  you  will  not  consider  us  unreasonable  in  our 
demands,  we  are, 

Yours  respectfully, 


18 


BUSINESS  LETTER  NO.  1. 


0 


/A  -  -X 


X 


o 


s 


9     x 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND  READER. 


BUSINESS  LETTER.— No.  2. 

DEAR  SIR: 

We  regret  very  much,  that  your  esteemed  order  was 
not  delivered,  and  the  inconvenience  and  disappointment 
caused  you  thereby.  We  beg  to  say  that  we  are  in  no  way 
responsible  for  the  delay,  but  that  on  the  contrary  we  have 
used  every  effort  to  secure  the  prompt  execution  of  the 
order.  Unfortunately,  for  us,  it  happens  that  the  manu- 
facturers are  overwhelmed  with  business  at  the  present 
time,  and  there  is  no  possible  remedy.  We  hope,  however, 
to  be  able  to  prevail  upon  the  manufacturers,  in  this  par- 
ticular instance,  to  make  a  little  extra  exertion,  and  have 
written  them  a  very  urgent  letter.  As  soon  as  we  hear 
from  them  we  will  telegraph  you  the  result  of  our  commu- 
nication, and  hope  that  it  will  be  such  information  as  will 
be  wholly  satisfactory . 

Regretting  the  inconvenience  to  which  you  have  been 
put,  and  thanking  you  for  past  favors,  we  remain, 
Yours  very  respectfully, 


20 


BUSINESS  LETTER  NO.  2. 


o    '  o 


\ 


o     V     •  —  o 


21 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


PUNCTUALITY. 

It  is  astonishing  how  many  people  there  are  who  neg- 
lect punctuality.  Thousands  have  failed  in  life  from  this 
cause  alone.  It  is  not  only  a  serious  vice  in  itself,  but  it  is 
the  fruitful  parent  of  numerous  other  vices,  so  that  he 
that  becomes  the  victim  of  it  gets  involved  in  toils  from 
which  it  is  almost  impossible  to  escape.  It  makes  the 
merchant  wasteful  of  time ;  it  saps  the  business  reputa- 
tion of  the  lawyer,  and  injures  the  prospect  of  the  mechanic 
who  might,  otherwise,  rise  to  fortune.  In  a  word,  there 
is  not  a  profession  or  station  in  life  which  is  not  liable  to 
the  rancor  of  this  destructive  habit.  Many  and  many  a 
time  has  the  failure  of  one  man  to  meet  his  obligations 
brought  on  the  ruin  of  others,  just  as  the  toppling  down 
of  a  line  of  bricks  may  cause  the  fall  of  all  the  rest.  Be 
punctual  if  you  would  succeed. 


PUNCTUALITY. 


23 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


YOUNG  MAN,  STRIKE  OUT  ! 

There  are  thousands  of  young  Americans  now  living  in 
obscurity  who  possess  the  ability  to  achieve  honorable  and 
conspicuous  success  if  they  would  place  themselves  in  for- 
tune's way.  Had  Jay  Gould  remained  in  the  little  hamlet 
in  Rockland  county  that  gave  him  birth,  satisfied  to  live 
as  his  father  had  lived,  to  eke  out  a  bare  subsistence. 
America  would  not  have  had  one  of  its  foremost  railroad 
builders.  Had  Horace  Greely  been  content  to  remain  in 
the  country  printing  office,  where  he  was  earning  quite  a 
respectable  livelihood,  the  Tribune  would  never  have  been 
born.  Had  General  Grant  been  satisfied  to  continue  in  the 
business  started  and  conducted  by  his  father,  in  the  little 
town  of  Galena,  the  iron  hand  that  strangled  the  Rebellion 
would  have  been  wanting ;  and  had  the  ambition  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  not  taken  him  out  of  the  aimless  life  to 
which  he  was  born,  the  wise  director  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Nation,  in  its  darkest  hour,  would  have  lived,  rusted  and 
decayed  in  the  obscurity  of  country  life. 


YOUNG  MAN,  STRIKE  OUT, 


J 

o 


J 


No 


7 


o 


n 


o 


25 


s 


O 


V 


<y 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


While  ambition  is  not  the  only  quality  requisite  to  suc- 
cess, men  rarely,  almost  never,  succeed  unless  they  possess 
it  and  in  a  large  degree.  If  a  young  man  has  not  the 
"spunk  and  snap,"  which  are  but  other  names  for  am- 
bition, to  cut  loose  from  the  ties  of  home,  from  the 
traditions  of  his  family,  and  to  strive  for  something  higher 
and  better,  obscurity  will  surely  be  his  destiny.  This  is 
not  written  to  unsettle  any  young  man,  but  to  say  to  all 
that  if  you  continue  for  a  considerable  period  in  the 
groove,  worn  deep  and  smooth  by  your  ancestors,  you 
must  expect  your  lives  to  be  gauged  and  circumscribed  by 
that  rut ;  and  if  you  have  ambition  to  take  a  prominent 
part  in  the  practical  affairs  of  the  world,  in  any  depart- 
ment, you  must  strike  out  and  at  once.  Hoping  for  and 
dreaming  of  success  will  not  win  it.  It  requires  action, 
effort,  push  and  intelligence. 


26 


NEW    STANDARD    SUOUTHAND    ItEADEK. 


o 


o     V 


\ 


o 


S   X-    o    / 


o 


\ 


o/ 


0 


o 


o 


/     o 


27 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


CHOOSING  A  BUSINESS. 

As  most  persons  are  obliged  to  employ  themselves  use- 
fully to  obtain  the  means  of  support,  and  as  different 
occupations  require  different  kinds  of  talent  and  bodily 
constitution,  it  becomes  a  matter  of  moment  to  all  who  must 
earn  a  living  by  labor  of  head  or  hand  to  select  such  a 
profession  or  business  as  shall  be,  on  the  whole,  best  suited 
for  the  constitution,  the  type  of  talent  and  mental  charac- 
ter of  the  person,  so  as  to  attain  the  largest  amount  of 
success  with  the  least  friction  of  mind  or  burden  to  the 
constitution.  It  is  true,  doubtless,  that  ninety-nine  men 
out  of  a  hundred  could  win  a  comfortable  support  if  rightly 
related  to  business  or  if  the  proper  profession  or  occupa- 
tion was  adopted  and  followed  ;  but  people  are  misplaced  ; 
those  who  ought  to  be  in  occupations  demanding  robust 
strength  and  vigor  are  sometimes  placed  in  a  light  and 
delicate  business,  greatly  to  the  discomfort  of  the  opera- 
tor ;  in  other  cases  those  who  are  delicate  and  slender  are 


28 


CHOOSING  A  BUSINESS. 


O       C 


o 


J> 


^^__  ___  ^y<" 

L  - 


O 


C        O — D 


r  v 

^y  ^ — "c — >     ^^7   /<7~&  /^^  ^ — x     O 


O 


O 


0 


29 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


placed  in  pursuits  that  demand  strength  and  bodily  endur- 
ance beyond  their  ability  to  meet.  Parents  choose  for 
their  children  professions  or  pursuits  which  they  think 
are  easy  or  remunerative,  without  stopping  to  inquire 
whether  by  instruction,  by  mental  development,  by  habits 
of  character  there  is  an  adaptation  to  the  business 
adopted ;  one  who  should  be  a  jeweler  is  made  a  black- 
smith ;  one  who  should  be  a  carpenter  is  made  a  tailor, 
and  one  who  should  be  employed  as  a  blacksmith  is  some- 
times put  in  a  fancy  store.  The  study  of  temperaments 
and  phrenological  developments  would  direct  each  boy  to 
the  right  trade  or  occupation,  where  he  could,  on  the 
whole,  do  the  world  and  himself  the  most  good  and  main- 
tain his  health,  his  cheerfulness  and  his  morals. 

Make  up  your  mind  what  you  are  going  to  do  in  life 
and  then  do  it  with  all  your  might. 


JNEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND     READER. 


o 


3  - 


I  / 


<^_p     /* 

^  \  s  \ 

x£    -^     O 

^-\  °      V-     ' 
Sv^>v     O       ^N        :> 


-N  / 

\     0~N| ^    /^    _^ 

^     O       — ^\       O      '?— N 


_^ 


O 


6 


<^~b 


L/ 


T   1    N 


-    ^   o     _?   . 

-  3  >k  °  D 


o 


cs  a 


/ 


o 


,^ 


31 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


EARN  YOUR  SALARY. 

Some  men  seem  to  be  in  a  state  of  continual  dread,  lest 
the  services  they  render  their  employers  exceed  the  salary 
paid  them.  They  seem  to  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  it  is 
only  by  having  the  services  rendered,  greater  than  the 
salary  paid,  that  it  is  possible  for  their  employers  to  keep 
them  in  their  present  position.  They  would  not  expect  a 
man  of  business  to  sell  his  goods  at  cost.  Unless  a  profit 
is  realized  upon  the  article  sold,  no  man  can  long  continue 
in  business,  and  what  is  true  of  merchandise  is  equally 
true  of  services  rendered.  The  employer  buys  the  services 
of  the  employee  in  order  that  he  may  sell  them  again  to 
his  customers,  and  if  he  can  not  make  a  profit  on  them  it 
will  only  be  a  question  of  a  very  short  time  when  he  will 
dispense  with  such  services,  just  as  he  ceases  to  carry  in 
stock  an  article  of  merchandise  upon  which  he  finds  it  im- 
possible to  show  a  margin  to  his  credit.  When  men  on  a 
salary  learn  that  it  is  only  by  earning  more  than  their 
salary,  that  it  is  possible  for  their  employer  to  pay  them, 
then  we  shall  hear  less  . 


EARN  YOUR  SALARY. 


\ 


»        o 


o 
o 


o 


\ 


No'  -  - 


33 


\    • 


\ 


O 


o 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   HKADKK. 


grumbling  about  present  salaries  and  a  greater  effort  to 
increase  them  by  increasing  the  employer's  possibilities  of 
profit.  A  business  man  was  remonstrated  with  upon  one 
occasion  because  he  paid  such  a  high  salary  to  a  certain 
salesman  in  his  employ.  His  reply  was  :  "I  care  nothing 
about  the  salary  I  pay  him.  That  is  not  the  question. 
That  man  is  making  a  better  profit  to  me  than  men  to  whom 
I  pay  only  half  of  his  salary.  It  is  the  profit  I  make,  not 
the  amount  of  salary  I  pay,  that  interests  me."  That 
answer  contains  the  meat  of  the  whole  argument.  A  man 
should  strive  to  make  himself  valuable  in  every  way, 
inside  of  the  office  or  outside  ;  anywhere,  in  any  capacity 
that  will  best  serve  the  interests  of  the  house  or  firm 
which  employs  him ;  and  when  he  gets  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  spirit  and  determination  to  make  him- 
self a  profitable  man  to  his  employer  he  will,  before  long, 
note  that  his  employer  is  gradually  becoming  a  profitable 
man  to  him. 


34 


NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND    READER. 


O 


ox' 


-t) 


/^-^  <\ 


o 


\ 

V 


^        ?    o 


°\ 


o 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


THE  IMPORTANCE  OF  EDUCATION. 

One  of  the  discouraging  views  of  society  at  the  present 
moment  is,  that  whilst  much  is  said  of  education,  hardly 
any  seem  to  feel  the  necessity  of  securing  to  it  the  best 
minds  in  the  community,  and  of  securing  them  at  any 
price.  A  juster  estimate  of  this  office  begins  to  be  made 
in  our  great  cities,  but  generally  it  seems  to  be  thought 
that  anybody  may  become  a  teacher.  The  most  moderate 
ability  is  thought  to  be  competent  to  the  most  important 
profession  in  society.  Strange,  too,  as  it  may  seem,  on 
this  point  parents  incline  to  be  economical.  They,  who 
squander  thousands  on  dress,  furniture,  amusements, 
think  it  hard  to  pay  comparatively  small  sums  to  the  in- 
structor, and  through  this  ruinous  economy  and  this 
ignorance  of  the  dignity  of  a  teacher's  vocation,  they  rob 
their  children  of  aid  for  which  the  treasures  of  worlds  can 
afford  no  compensation. 

One  great  cause  of  the  low  estimation  in  which  the 
teacher  is  . 


36 


THE  IMPORTANCE  OF  EDUCATION. 


-^  / 


f~ »    X   *     o     |_    a— — -    /_     / 

\   J     ' 


/? 


•^_9 

o 


o/ 


'     ~f 


37 

452184 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


now  held  may  be  found  in  narrow  views  of  education. 
The  multitude  think  that  to  educate  a  child  is  to  crowd 
into  its  mind  a  given  amount  of  knowledge,  to  teach 
the  mechanism  of  reading  and  writing,  to  load  the  mem- 
ory with  words,  to  prepare  a  hoy  for  the  routine  of  a 
trade.  No  wonder,  then,  that  they  think  almost  every- 
body fit  to  teach.  The  true  end  of  education,  as  we  have 
again  and  again  suggested,  is  to  unfold  and  direct  aright 
our  whole  nature.  Its  office  is  to  call  forth  power  of  every 
kind — power  of  thought,  affection  and  outward  action  ; 
power  to  observe,  to  reason,  to  judge,  to  contrive  ;  power 
to  adopt  good  ends  firmly  and  to  pursue  them  efficiently  ; 
power  to  govern  ourselves  and  to  influence  others  ;  power 
to  gain  and  spread  happiness.  Reading  is  but  an  instru- 
ment— education  is  to  teach  its  best  use.  Education  should 
labor  to  inspire  a  profound  love  of  truth  and  to  teach  the 
processes  . 


.NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 


o 


o 


? 


—  ^  o  \  / 


/ 


o 


O 


\  O 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


of  investigation  and  sound  logic — by  which  we  mean  the 
science  or  art  which  instructs  us  in  the  laws  of  reason- 
ing and  evidence,  in  the  true  method  of  inquiry,  and 
in  the  sources  of  false  judgments — is  an  essential  part 
of  a  good  education.  And  yet  how  little  is  done  to  teach 
the  right  use  of  the  intellect  in  the  common  modes  of 
training  either  rich  or  poor.  As  a  general  rule,  the  young 
are  to  be  made,  as  far  as  possible,  their  own  teachers,  the 
discoverers  of  truth,  the  interpreters  of  nature,  the  fram- 
ers  of  science.  They  are  to  be  helped  to  help  themselves. 
They  should  be  taught  to  observe  and  study  the  world  in 
which  they  live,  to  trace  the  connection  of  events,  to  rise 
from  particular  facts  to  general  principles,  and  then  apply 
these  in  explaining  new  phenomena. 

Such  is  a  rapid  outline  of  the  intellectual  education 
which,  as  far  as  possible,  should  be  given  to  all  human 
beings,  and  with  this  moral  education  should  go  hand  in 
hand. 


40 


/ 


O 


_D      . 

A"—  J   ^    o  - 

<    1     3 


/ 
/ 

O 


o    J   J> 


6 


J '•••>' 


A, 


41 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 


HOW  TO  GET  RICH. 

[BY  P.  T.  BARNUM.] 

The  foundation  of  success  in  life  is  good  health  ;  that 
is  the  substratum  of  fortune.  Then  how  important  it  is 
to  study  the  laws  of  health,  which  is  but  another  name  for 
the  laws  of  nature.  The  closer  we  keep  to  the  laws  of 
nature  the  nearer  we  are  to  good  health.  Tobacco  and 
rum  should  be  shunned.  To  make  money  requires  a  clear 
brain.  No  matter  how  bountifully  a  man  may  be  blessed 
with  intelligence,  if  the  brain  is  muddled  and  his  judg- 
ment warped  by  intoxicating  drinks,  it  is  impossible  for 
him  to  carry  on  business  successfully. 

SELECTION   OP   BUSINESS. 

The  safest  plan  and  the  one  most  sure  of  success  for 
the  young  man  starting  in  life  is  to  select  the  vocation 
which  is  most  congenial  to  his  tastes.  There  is  as  much 
diversity  in  our  brains  as  in  our  countenances.  Some  men 
are  born  mechanics,  while  some  have  a  great  aversion  to 
machinery.  Unless  a  man  enters  upon  a  vocation  intended 
for  him  by  nature  and  best  suited  to  his  peculiar  genius, 
he  can  not  succeed 

42 


HOW  TO  GET  RICH.. 


v-&\ 


'    d-  / 


o 


o 


\ 


X 


SELECTION  OF  BUSINESS. 


>^> 


/     J 


\ 


43 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


After  securing  the  right  vocation  you  must  be  careful 
to  select  the  proper  location,  and  not  begin  business  where 
there  are  already  enough  to  meet  all  demands  in  the  same 
occupation. 

DON'T   GET   INTO   DEBT. 

Young  men  starting  in  life  should  avoid  running  into 
debt.  There  is  scarcely  anything  that  drags  a  person  down 
like  debt.  Debt  robs  a  man  of  his  self-respect  and  makes 
him  almost  despise  himself.  Money  is  a  terrible  master, 
but  a  very  excellent  servant.  There  is  nothing  that  will 
work  so  faithfully  as  money,  when  placed  at  interest,  well 
secured.  It  works  day  and  night,  and  in  wet  or  dry 
weather. 

PERSEVERE   IN   YOUR   WORK. 

When  a  man  is  in  the  right  path  he  must  persevere ; 
and  perseverance  is  sometimes  but  another  name  for  self- 
reliance.  Until  you  get  so  you  can  rely  on  yourself,  you 
need  not  expect  to  succeed.  "Whatever  you  do,  do  it  with 
all  your  might.  Many  a  man  acquires  a  fortune  .  . 


44 


"NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND    READER, 


DON'T  GET  INTO  DEBT. 


Z- 


0 


PERSEVERE  IN  YOUR  WORK. 


O 


\ 


or- 


/ 


O 


45 


NEW   STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 


by  doing  his  business  thoroughly,  while  his  neighbor 
remains  poor  for  life  because  he  only  half  does  it.  Ambi- 
tion, energy,  industry  and  perseverance  are  indispensable 
requisites  for  success  in  business.  Engage  in  one  kind  of 
business  only,  and  stick  to  it  faithfully  until  you  succeed, 
or  until  your  experience  shows  that  you  should  abandon  it. 
A  constant  hammering  on  one  nail  will  generally  drive  it 
home  at  last,  so  that  it  can  be  clinched.  There  is  good 
sense  in  the  old  caution  about  having  too  many  irons  in 
the  fire  at  once. 

UNDERSTAND  YOUR   BUSINESS. 

No  man  has  a  right  to  expect  success  in  life  unless  he 
understands  his  business,  and  nobody  can  understand  his 
business  thoroughly  unless  he  learns  it  by  personal  appli- 
cation and  experience.  You  must  exercise  caution  in  lay- 
ing your  plans,  but  be  bold  in  carrying  them  out.  A  man 
that  is  all  caution  will  never  dare  to  take  hold  and  be  suc- 
cessful, and  a  man  who  is  all  boldness  is  merely  reckless 
and  will  eventually  fail. 


40 


HEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 


\ 


crl 


x          O 


J 


7 


s°  °\ 


"7 


UNDERSTAND  YOUR  BUSINESS. 

c       O     /"^ 

— .*  o  ^  ^\  ^ 

• —    o  \   S   o 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READF.K. 


Your  great  ambition  should  he  to  excel  all  others  en- 
gaged in  the  same  occupation.  Whenever  you  find  the 
best  doctor,  the  best  clergyman,  the  best  shoemaker,  that 
man  is  the  most  sought  for  and  always  has  enough  to  do. 
Every  boy  should  learn  some  trade  or  profession. 

NO   SUCH   THING   AS   "LUCK." 

There  is  no  such  thing  in  the  world  as  luck.  If  a  man 
adopts  proper  methods  to  be  successful,  "luck  "  will  not 
prevent  him.  If  he  does  not  succeed,  there  are  reasons 
for  it,  although,  perhaps,  he  may  not  see  them.  Money  is 
good  for  nothing  unless  you  know  the  value  of  it  by  ex  • 
perience.  Give  a  boy  twenty  thousand  dollars  and  put 
him  in  business  and  the  chances  are  that  he  will  lose  every 
dollar  of  it  before  he  is  many  years  older.  Nine  out  of  ten 
of  the  rich  men  of  our  country  to-day  started  out  in  life 
as  poor  boys  with  determined  wills,  industry,  persever- 
ance, economy  and  good  habits.  True  economy  consists 
in  always  making  the  income  exceed  the  out-go.  The  real 


43 


NEW     STANDARD    SHORTHAND     READER. 


s 


NO  SUCH  THING  AS  "  LUCK." 

C        —X,      *       /      <5~^       O s^ 


/<? 


O 


\    - 


O 


49 


XK\V    STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 


comforts  of  life  cost  but  a  small  portion  of  what  most  of 
us  can  earn.  It  is  the  fear  of  what  Mrs.  Grundy  may  say 
that  keeps  the  noses  of  many  worthy  families  to  the  grind- 
stone. You  can  not  accumulate  a  fortune  by  taking  the 
road  that  leads  to  poverty.  It  needs  no  prophet  to  tell  us 
that  those  who  live  fully  up  to  their  means  without 
thought  of  a  reverse  in  this  life  can  never  attain  a  pecu- 
niary independence. 

ADVERTISE  YOUR   BUSINESS. 

Be  careful  to  advertise  in  some  shape  or  another,  be- 
cause it  is  evident  that  if  a  man  has  ever  so  good  an  article 
for  sale  and  nobody  knows  it,  it  will  bring  him  no  return. 
The  whole  philosophy  of  life  is,  first  sow,  then  reap.  This 
principle  applies  to  all  kinds  of  business,  and  nothing  more 
eminently  than  to  advertising.  If  a  man  has  really  a  good 
article,  there  is  no  way  in  which  he  can  reap  more  ad- 
vantageously than  by  sowing  to  the  public  in  this  way. 
If  a  man  has  goods 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  HEADER. 


\ 


^ — N     n 

^J  J  V-/ 

ADVERTISE  YOUR  BUSINESS. 

\          X^6^  °~ 

C 


\, 


O 


O 


51 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND   READER. 


for  sale  and  he  does  not  advertise  them,  the  chances  are 
that  the  sheriff  will  do  it  for  him.  Read  the  newspapers 
and  keep  thoroughly  posted  in  regard  to  the  transactions 
of  the  world.  He  who  does  not  consult  the  newspapers 
will  soon  find  himself  and  his  business  left  out  in  the  cold. 

POLITENESS   AND   INTEGRITY. 

Politeness  and  civility  are  the  best  capital  ever  invested 
in  business.  Large  stores,  gilt  signs  and  naming  adver- 
tisements will  all  prove  unavailing  if  you  or  your  em- 
ployees treat  your  patrons  abruptly.  The  more  kind  and 
liberal  a  man  is,  the  more  generous  will  be  the  patronage 
bestowed  upon  him.  Preserve  your  integrity  ;  it  is  more 
precious  than  diamonds  or  rubies. 

The  most  difficult  thing  in  life  is  to  make  money  dis- 
honestly. Our  prisons  are  full  of  men  who  attempted  to 
follow  this  course.  No  man  can  be  dishonest  without 
soon  being  found  out,  and  when  his  lack  of  principle  is 
discovered,  nearly  every  avenue  to  success  is  closed 
against  him  forever. 


52 


NEW  STANDAUD  SHORTHAND  KEADEU. 


o 


• 


o 


X 


/ 


0 


POLITENESS  AND  INTEGRITY. 

^  .  >,  A.  /   ?- 


o 


f 


.  7".  Barnum, 


53 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   RKADKR. 

PROGRESS  IN  EDUCATION. 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

Every  thoughtful  man  who  seems  to  be  of  some  use  in 
his  day  and  generation,  finds  it  an  imperative  duty  to 
watch  the  forces  that  come  into  play  in  the  political,  social 
and  business  relations  of  the  country  in  which  he  lives. 
Every  educator,  if  he  would  be  true  to  the  requirements 
that  may  justly  be  made  of  him,  must  watch  all  forms  of 
culture  that  present  themselves  and  are  carried  forward, 
because  they  all  have  their  influence  and  power  ;  and  it  is 
the  work  of  a  wise  man  to  do  what  he  can  to  help  forward 
any  enterprise  which  seems  to  promise,  in  any  sense,  to 
develop  the  intellectual  or  the  moral  power  of  the  commun- 
ity. The  commercial  college  may  be  considered,  in  some 
sense,  as  new,  compared  with  some  other  forms  of  educa- 
tion. I  believe  I  can  remember  the  time  when  there  was 
very  little  done  in  that  line.  But  the  commercial  college 
has  grown  to  be  a  power  ;  it  absorbs  a  large  amount  of  the 
thought  and  effort  of  the  people  of  this  country  ;  it  stands 
very  well  towards  the  front,  and,  therefore,  it  is  wise  for 
any  man,  who  is  interested  in  the  work 


54 


PROGRESS  IN  EDUCATION. 

— o    °    ITS    ^    ^~ 


/     •  o  o 

-  •    c/ 


r\ 


o 


/ 


c      x"          — \   o 

/    ^— ^-,  °    ~~ 


o 


55 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 


of  education,  to  consider  thoughtfully  the  function  which 
is  performed  by  this  agent,  and  to  bid  it  God  speed,  as  far 
as  it  is  doing  good  work.  As  we  look  back  over  the  history 
of  education  I  think  we  are  almost  impelled  to  take  up  the 
cry  of  the  ancient  prophet  and  to  say,  ' '  Watchman,  what 
of  the  night ?  ' '  Through  the  ages  that  have  come  and  gone, 
education,  as  a  science,  has  been  passing  through  a  night. 
As  we  look  over  the  history  of  culture  we  find  very  little 
in  the  way  of  a  science  of  pedagogics  or  anything  ap- 
proaching it.  Work  has  been  done  at  haphazard  ;  infor- 
mation has  been  imparted  without  much  thought  as  to  the 
effect  it  was  to  produce, — without  much  thought  as  to  the 
fitness  of  the  particular  kind  of  work  required  by  the  per- 
son who  was  to  be  taught.  It  is  only  in  recent  times  that 
there  has  been  very  much  done  in  the  way  of  a  science  of 
education.  We  are  beginning  to  think  of  the  mental  and 
moral  structure  of  the  child,  and  we  are  beginning  to  con- 
sider and  agree  that  the  school  work  is  for  the  .... 


56 


NEW     STANDARD    SHORTHAND     READER. 


0 


^-"  \ 


-V"  2-5  <\ 


6 


o 


57 


O 


/ 


NKW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 

boy  or  girl,  not  the  boy  or  the  girl  for  the  school  work. 

One  of  the  other  ways  in  which  we  have  made  progress 
is  in  the  education  of  all  the  people,  and  not  of  a  few  only. 
That  is  one  of  the  characteristics  of  the  present  age.  We 
hope  for  great  things  from  the  universality  of  our  educa- 
tion— so  great  things  that,  in  many  of  the  States,  laws 
have  been  enacted  compelling  the  attendance  of  children 
upon  the  public  schools  or  some  other  approved  form  of 
school. 

The  people  of  this  country  have  come  to  believe  in  the 
need  of  universal  education,  and  one  reason  for  it  is  that 
there  is  universal  suffrage.  Everybody  puts  the  impress 
of  his  mind  and  thought  and  desire  upon  this  great  gov- 
ernment of  ours,  and  upon  all  the  subordinate  govern- 
ments. Everybody,  therefore,  ought  to  have  intelligence 
enough  to  know  something  of  the  effect  of  that  vote  which 
he  casts,  and  so  we  demand  that  there  shall  be  universal 
education. 

I  may  be  asked  what  the  indications  for  the  future  are, 
Well,  I  am  not  a  prophet,  nor  the  son  of  a  prophet.  I  can 
not  look  through  the  fogs  of  coming  time  and  divine  the 
outlines  of  the  great  events  involved  in 


58 


STANDARD  SHORTHAND  HEADER. 


NKW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    RKADKR. 


them ;  but  I  will  say  of  the  future  of  our  educational 
system  that  it  is  just  as  hopeful,  just  as  cheering,  just  as 
certain  as  the  future  of  our  civilization  or  of  free  institu- 
tions. If  free  government  continues,  education  will  con- 
tinue, and  it  will  grow  more  and  more  efficient  and  complete 
as  the  exigencies  of  our  civilization  continue  to  multiply. 
When  this  Republic  shall  contain  five  hundred  millions  of 
free  souls  the  educational  system  of  that  period  will  be  as 
much  more  perfect  than  that  of  to-day  as  five  hundred 
millions  is  greater  than  sixty  millions.  A  great  nation 
can  not  be  maintained  unless  there  is  a  great  and  true 
educational  system  as  its  basis.  The  hope  that  one  enter- 
tains of  that  future  will  depend  largely  on  his  tempera- 
ment. The  pessimist  finds  enough  whereon  to  base  his 
fears.  The  signs  of  danger  are  many  and  serious,  but  I 
believe  it  is  wise  to  dwell  upon  the  hopeful  indications  and 
there  are  many  of  these.  The  ancient  inquiry — "  What  of 
the  night?"  may  be  answered,  as  it  was  of  old,  "The 
morning  cometh." 


fiO 


SEAV     STANDARD    SHORTHAND     HEADER. 


' 


I    ^   I 


o 


c    '  1  0 
w 


0 

o 


\ 


/  ( 


0 


o 


o 


61 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

ACQUIRING  SPEED. 

How  shall  I  ever  attain  speed?  How  shall  I  ever  be 
able  to  write  shorthand  with  sufficient  speed  to  report  a 
speech  or  sermon,  or  take  testimony  in  a  court  room? 
Such  are  the  questions  which  almost  every  shorthand 
writer  at  some  period  in  his  career  asks  himself. 

Shorthand  is  of  no  practical  use  until  it  can  be  written 
at  a  fair  rate  of  speed  and  the  question  now  arises  :  How 
can  speed  be  attained?  The  secret  of  your  success  maybe 
expressed  in  the  two  words,  "Learn  correctly."  If  you 
have  learned  correctly  you  will  have  little  trouble  in  be- 
coming proficient.  From  the  very  beginning  of  the  study 
of  shorthand  learn  to  write  everything  accurately.  Write 
every  word  with  care  and  as  near  as  possible  like  its 
graven  image  in  the  text-boook.  Read  everything  you 
write.  Do  not  entertain  the  idea  that  with  a  few  days' 
practice  you  should  be  able  to  write  one  hundred  words 
per  minute.  Remember  that  shorthand  is  not  acquired  in 
a  week  or  in  a  month.  Those  who  stand  at  the  head  to- 
day as  shorthand  writers  became  such  by  hard  work, 
perseverance  and 


63 


ACQUIRING  SPEED. 


/  / 


O 


P 

—  ^ 

-r 

/ 

4. 


/ 


1 


\ 


63 


O 


/ 


o 


\ 


o 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


long  continued  practice.  Be  accurate.  Allow  me  to  repeat 
this  because  I  deem  it  fundamental,  and,  above  all 
things,  do  not  sacrifice  accuracy  for  speed.  You  must 
become  familiar  with  your  short  hand  notes,  and  this  is 
what  one  of  the  greatest  shorthand  writers  of  the  age 
has  said.  Without  this  familiarity  with  your  notes, 
you  can  never  attain  speed.  You  must  become  as  familiar 
with  shorthand  as  you  are  with  longhand  writing.  The 
beginner  should  not  try  to  write  fast,  but  he  should  try  to 
write  neatly  and  without  a  single  mistake.  A  good  plan  is 
to  select  an  article  which  contains  500  or  1000  words ; 
write  it  neatly  and  carefully  ;  have  your  teacher  go  over 
it  with  you  and  correct  your  outlines,  then  write  it  and 
re-write  it  many  times.  Be  industrious  and  persevering. 
You  must  not  stop  writing  and  exercising  in  shorthand 
simply  because  it  becomes  monotonous  or  you  become 
tired.  If  you  pursue  the  course  herewith  outlined  long 
enough,  you  will  attain  a  speed  that  will  make  you  happy. 


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PART  SECOND. 


BENEFITS  OF  SHORTHAND. 


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BUSINESS  LETTER  NO.  6. 


HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 


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DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


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KEYS  TO  PART  SECOND. 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


BENEFITS  OF  SHORTHAND. 

(Plate,  Page  69.) 

A.  practical  acquaintance  with  the  art  of  shorthand 
writing  is  highly  favorable  to  the  improvement  of  the 
mind,  invigorating  all  its  faculties,  and  drawing  forth  all 
its  resources.  The  close  attention  requisite  in  following 
the  voice  of  the  speaker,  induces  habits  of  patience,  perse- 
verance and  watchfulness,  which  will  gradually  extend 
themselves  to  other  pursuits  and  avocations,  and  at 
length  inure  the  writer  to  exercise  them  on  every  occasion 
in  life.  When  writing  in  public  it  will  also  be  absolutely 
necessary  to  distinguish  and  adhere  to  the  train  of  thought 
which  runs  through  the  discourse,  and  to  observe  the 
modes  of  its  connection.  This  will  naturally  have  a  tend- 
ency to  endue  the  mind  with  quickness  of  apprehension, 
and  will  impart  an  habitual  readiness  and  distinctness  of 
perception,  as  well  as  a  methodical  simplicity  of  arrange- 
ment, which  cannot  fail  to  conduce  greatly  to  mental 
superiority.  The  judgment  will  be  strengthened,  and  the 
taste  refined :  and  the  practitioner  will,  by  degrees,  be- 
come habituated  to  seize  the  original  and  leading  parts  of 
a  discourse,  and  to  reject «... 

7  97 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

(Plate,  Page  70.) 
whatever  is  commonplace,  trivial,  or  uninteresting. 

The  memory  is  also  improved  by  the  practice  of  steno- 
graphy. The  obligation  the  writer  is  under  to  retain  in 
his  mind  the  last  sentence  of  the  speaker,  at  the  same 
time  that  he  is  carefully  attending  to  the  following  one, 
must  be  highly  beneficial  to  that  faculty,  which  more  than 
any  other,  perhaps,  owes  its  improvement  to  exercise. 
And  so  much  are  the  powers  of  retention  strengthened 
and  expanded  by  this  exertion,  that  a  practical  steno- 
grapher will  frequently  recollect  more  without  writing 
than  a  person  unacquainted  with  the  art  could  copy  in  the 
time  by  the  use  of  long-hand. 

It  has  been  justly  observed,  "This  science  draws  out  all 
the  powers  of  the  mind  ;  it  excites  invention,  improves  the 
ingenuity,  matures  the  judgment,  and  endows  the  retentive 
faculties  with  precision,  vigilance,  and  perseverance." 

The  facilities  it  affords  to  the  acquisition  of  learning 
ought  to  render  it  an  indispensable  branch  in  the  education 
of  youth.  To  be  enabled  to  treasure  up  for  future  study 
the  substance,  or  when  desired, 

(Plate,  Page  71.} 

the  very  words,  of  lectures,  sermons,  etc. ,  is  an  accomplish- 
ment attended  with  so  many  advantages  that  it  stands  in 

98 


B.  0.  BAKER 

LAWYER 
DAI-US,  TEXAS 

NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

no  need  of  recommendation.  Nor  is  it  a  matter  of  small 
importance,  that  by  this  art  the  youthful  student  is  fur- 
nished with  a  ready  means  of  making  valuable  extracts  in 
the  moments  of  leisure,  and  of  thus  laying  up  a  stock  of 
knowledge  for  future  occasions.  The  pursuit  of  this  art 
materially  contributes  to  improve  the  student  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  grammar  and  composition.  While  tracing  the  vari- 
ous forms  of  expression  by  which  the  same  sentiment  can 
be  conveyed ;  and  while  endeavoring  to  represent,  by 
modes  of  contraction,  the  dependence  of  one  word  upon 
another,  he  is  insensibly  initiated  in  the  science  of  uni- 
versal language,  and  particularly  in  the  knowledge  of  his 
native  tongue. 

The  rapidity  with  which  it  enables  a  person  to  commit 
his  own  thought  to  the  safety  of  manuscript,  also  renders 
it  an  object  peculiarly  worthy  of  regard.  By  this  means 
many  ideas  which  daily  strike  us,  and  which  are  lost 
before  .  .  .  .  ,  

(Plate,  Page  72.) 

we  can  record  them  in  the  usual  way,  may  be  snatched 
from  destruction,  and  preserved  until  mature  deliberation 
can  ripen  and  perfect  them. 

Such  are  the  blessings  which  shorthand,  like  a  generous 

benefactor  bestows  indiscriminately  on  the  world  at  large. 

99 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

But  it  has  additional  and  peculiar  favors  in  store  for  those 
who  are  so  far  convinced  of  its  utility  as  personally  to  en- 
gage in  its  pursuit.  The  advantages  resulting  from  the 
exercise  of  this  art  are  not,  as  is  the  case  with  many  others, 
confined  to  a  particular  class  of  society  ;  for  though  it  may 
seen  more  immediately  calculated  for  those  whose  business 
it  is  to  record  the  eloquence  of  public  men,  and  the  pro- 
ceedings of  popular  assemblies,  yet  it  offers  its  assistance 
to  persons  of  every  rank  and  station  in  life — to  the  man  of 
business  as  well  as  the  man  of  science — for  the  purpose  of 
private  convenience  as  well  as  of  general  information. 

BUSINESS  LETTER— NO.  3. 

(Plate,  Page  73.) 
DEAR  SIR  : 

Your  letter  of  the  10th  inst.,  has  been  received.  I  am 
happy  to  be  able  to  inform  you  that  the  person  about  whom 
you  desire  information  merits  your  entire  confidence.  Of 
his  financial  means  I  am  not  precisely  informed.  I  fully 
believe  them,  however,  to  be  adequate  to  the  requirements 
of  his  trade.  But  of  his  character  and  habits  I  can  speak 
in  the  highest  terms.  He  is  prompt  and  punctual  in  all 
his  transactions  and  I  believe  no  person  ever  had  occasion 
to  apply  to  him  the  second  time  for  the  payment  of  his 

account. 

100 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND    READER. 

I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  send  you  these  assurances, 
and  trusting  that  your  business  relations  may  prove  mutu- 
ally advantageous,  I  am, 

Yours  respectfully, 

BUSINESS  LETTER— NO.  4. 

(Plate,  Page  73.} 
MY  DEAR  MR.  BELL  : 

I  read  in  the  New  York  Times  yesterday  a  criticism  of 
your  testimony  before  the  Committee  of  Congress  .  .  . 

(Plate,  Page  74.) 

investigating  the  engraving  of  currency.  I  have  been  for 
twenty-five  or  thirty  years  in  banking  life  and  much  of 
that  time  engaged  in  handling  bills  as  a  teller ;  and  it 
struck  me  that  your  test,  and  that  of  Mr.  Brooks,  was 
pertinent  and  correct  and  in  accord  with  the  general 
opinion  among  banks  as  to  the  inferior  value  of  the  present 
issue  of  silver  certificates  in  the  matter  of  engraving  and 
paper.  These  notes  are  issued  to  circulate  among  the 
general  public  who  are  not  experts  and  should  be  so  de- 
signed as  to  make  an  imitation  of  them  obvious,  even  to 
the  uninitiated,  and  their  true  value  as  a  medium  is  in 
proportion  to  the  difficulty  of  successfully  passing  their 
counterfeits  upon  the  public.  Both  the  paper  and  engrav- 

101 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 

ing  of  this  issue  were  condemned  by  many  banking  experts, 
when  they  were  first  issued,  as  not  suited  to  the  purpose  ; 
and  I  think  your  opinion  as  expressed  to  the  Committee 
will  be  generally  endorsed  by  banks  and  those  who  under- 
stand what  is  necessary  to  protect  the  public,  and  whose 
years  of  experience  have  shown  them  the  best  means  of 

doing  so. 

Very  truly  yours, 

BUSINESS  LETTER— NO.  5. 

(Plate,  Page  75.) 
GENTLEMEN  : 

We  wired  you  to-day  as  follows  :  ' '  Express  immedi- 
ately one  72  in.  by  42  ft.  fourdrinier  wire  80  mesh." 

You,  no  doubt,  were  surprised  to  receive  this  hurry  up 
order  so  soon  after  shipping  the  last  wire  and  naturally 
desire  to  know  the  cause  thereof.  We  will  ease  your  mind 
by  stating  that  it  was  from  no  fault  in  the  wire  as  our  back 
machine  tender  on  the  day  tour,f  with  bad  grace  and 
wTorse  carelessness,  unfortunately  dropped  the  end  of  a 
tension  roll  through  it. 

As  this  is  the  first  accident  we  have  had  to  a  wire  we  will 
take  the  lesson  to  heart  by  keeping  one  on  hand  in  the 
future,  for  these  shut  downs  are  too  expensive.  You  will, 
therefore,  please  ship  a  duplicate  by  freight. 

tPronounced,  tower. 

102 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

You  may  also  enter  our  order  for  two  dandy  rolls,  and 
water-line  "Rainbow"  and  "  Snow  Flake  "  respectively. 
We  are  in  no  hurry  for  these  ;  next  month  will  do. 
Very  truly  yours, 

BUSINESS  LETTER.— No.  6. 

(Plate,  Page  76.) 
GENTLEMEN  : 

Please  ship  by  fast  freight  the  following  goods  : 

10-2  Ib  bottles  Nitrate  Silver  C.  P. 

5-5  "  "       Hydrosulphuret  Ammonia, 

2-1  "  "       Iodide  Potassium, 

5-1  "  "       Bi-carbonate  Sodium, 

5-3"  "       Sulphuric  Ether  Cone 't., 

5-2  "  "      Re-sublimed  Iodine, 

3-1  "  "      Merck's  Bichromate  Ammonium, 

2-1  "  "       Egg  Albumen, 

10  "  Cyanide  Potassium, 

10  "  Absorbent  Cotton, 

100  "  Hyposulphite  Sodium, 

1  carboy  Chloride  Iron, 
1         "      Acetic  Acid, 
1         "       Nitric      "     Com. 
Prices  f .  o.  b.  New  York,  2%  10  days,  net  30  days. 

Sincerely  yours, 
103 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 

(Plate,  Page  77.) 

I  purpose  to  write  the  history  of  England  from  the  ac- 
cession of  King  James  the  Second  down  to  a  time  which  is 
within  the  memory  of  men  still  living.  I  shall  recount 
the  errors  which,  in  a  few  months,  alienated  a  loyal  gentry 
and  priesthood  from  the  house  of  Stuart.  I  shall  trace  the 
course  of  that  revolution  which  terminated  the  long 
struggle  between  our  sovereigns  and  their  parliaments, 
and  bound  up  together  the  rights  of  the  people  and  the 
title  of  the  reigning  dynasty,  I  shall  relate  how  the  new 
settlement  was,  during  many  troubled  years,  successfully 
defended  against  foreign  and  domestic  enemies ;  how 
under  that  settlement,  the  authority  of  law  and  the  secur- 
ity of  property  were  found  to  be  compatible  with  a  liberty 
of  discussion  and  of  individual  action  never  before  known  ; 
how,  from  the  auspicious  union  of  order  and  freedom, 
sprang  a  prosperity  of  which  the  annals  of  human  affairs 
had  furnished  no  example  ;  how  our  country,  from  a  state 
of  ignominious  vassalage,  rapidly  rose  to  the  place  of 
umpire  among  European  powers ;  how  her  opulence  and 

(Plate,  Page  78.) 

her  martial  glory  grew  together ;  how,  by  wise  and  reso- 
lute good  faith,  was  gradually  established  a  public  credit 

104 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

fruitful  of  marvels  which  to  the  statesmen  of  any  former 
age  would  have  seemed  incredible ;  how  a  gigantic  com- 
merce gave  birth  to  a  maritime  power,  compared  with 
which  every  other  maritime  power,  ancient  or  modern, 
sinks  into  insignificance ;  how  Scotland,  after  ages  of 
enmity,  was  at  length  united  to  England,  not  merely  by 
legal  bonds,  but  by  indissoluble  ties  of  interest  and  affec- 
tion ;  how,  in  America,  the  British  colonies  rapidly  became 
far  mightier  and  wealthier  than  the  realms  which  Cortez 
and  Pizarro  had  added  to  the  dominion  of  Charles  the 
Fifth ;  how,  in  Asia,  British  adventurers  founded  an 
empire  not  less  splendid  and  more  durable  than  that  of 
Alexander. 

Nor  will  it  be  less  my  duty  to  record  faithfully  disasters 
mingled  with  triumphs,  and  great  national  crimes  and 
follies  far  more  humiliating  than  any  disaster. 

(Plate,  Page  79.) 

It  will  be  seen  that  even  what  we  justly  account  our  chief 
blessings  were  not  without  alloy.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
system  which  effectually  secured  our  liberties  against  the 
encroachments  of  kingly  power  gave  birth  to  a  new  class 
of  abuses  from  which  absolute  monarchies  are  exempt. 
It  will  be  seen  that,  in  consequence  partly  of  unwise 

105 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 

interference  and  partly  of  unwise  neglect,  the  in- 
crease of  wealth  and  the  extension  of  trade  produced, 
together  with  immense  good,  some  evils  from  which  poor 
and  rude  societies  are  free.  It  will  be  seen,  how,  in  two 
important  independencies  of  the  crown,  wrong  was  fol- 
lowed by  just  retribution  ;  how  imprudence  and  obstinacy 
broke  the  ties  which  bound  the  North  American  colonies 
to  the  parent  state  ;  how  Ireland,  cursed  by  the  domination 
of  race  over  race,  and  of  religion  over  religion,  remained 
indeed  a  member  of  the  empire,  but  a  withered  and  dis- 
torted member,  adding  no  strength  to  the  body  politic, 
and  reproachfully  pointed  at  by  all  who  feared  or  envied 
the  greatness  of  England. 

THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

(Plate,  Page  80.) 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which 
have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to  assume,  among 
the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to 
which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them, 
a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that 
they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the 
separation. 

106 


NEW   STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident :  that  all  men 
are  created  equal ;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator 
with  certain  unalienable  rights  ;  that  among  these,  are 
life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That,  to  secure 
these  rights,  governments  are  instituted  among  men, 
deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  gov- 
erned ;  that,  whenever  any  form  of  government  becomes 
destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to 
alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government, 
laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing 
its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely 
to  effect  their  safety  and  happiness. 

(Plate,  Page  81.} 

Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long 
established,  should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient 
causes  ;  and,  accordingly,  all  experience  hath  shown,  that 
mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  suf- 
ferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms 
to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of 
abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same  object, 
evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it 
is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  govern- 
ment, and  to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security. 

107 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Such  lias  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  colonies, 
and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to 
alter  their  former  systems  of  government.  The  history 
of  the  present  king  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated 
injuries  and  usurpations,  all  having,  in  direct  object,  the 
establishment  of  an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  states. 
To  prove  this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

CENTENNIAL  ORATION. 

(Plate,  Page  82.) 

The  conditions  of  life  are  always  changing  and  the  ex- 
perience of  the  fathers  is  rarely  the  experience  of  the  sons. 
The  temptations  which  are  trying  us  are  not  the  tempta- 
tions which  beset  their  footsteps  ;  nor  the  dangers  which 
threaten  our  pathway,  the  dangers  which  surrounded 
them.  These  men  were  few  in  number  ;  we  are  many. 
They  were  poor,  but  we  are  rich.  They  were  weak,  but  we 
are  strong.  What  is  it,  countrymen,  that  we  need  to-day? 
Wealth?  Behold  it  in  your  hands.  Power?  God  has 
given  it  you.  Liberty?  It  is  your  birthright.  Peace? 
It  dwells  amongst  you.  You  have  a  government  founded 
in  the  hearts  of  men  ;  built  by  the  people  for  the  common 
good.  You  have  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey ; 
your  homes  are  happy,  your  workshops  busy,  your  barns 

103 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

are  full.  The  school,  the  railway,  the  telegraph,  the 
printing  press  have  welded  you  together  into  one.  You 
have  a  long  and  glorious  history  ;  a  past  glittering  with 
heroic  deeds,  an  ancestry  full  of  lofty  and  imperishable 
examples.  You  have  passed  through  danger,  endured  .  . 

(Plate,  Page  83.) 

privation,  been  acquainted  with  sorrow,  been  tried  by 
suffering.  You  have  journeyed  in  safety  through  the 
wilderness  and  crossed  in  triumph  the  Red  Sea  of  civil 
strife. 

It  is  a  question  for  us  now,  not  of  the  founding  of  a 
new  government,  but  of  the  preservation  of  one  already 
old  ;  not  of  the  formation  of  an  independent  power  but  of 
the  purification  of  a  nation's  life  ;  not  of  the  conquest 
of  a  foreign  foe,  but  of  the  subjection  of  ourselves. 
The  dangers  of  today  come  from  within.  The  worship  of 
self,  the  love  of  power,  the  lust  of  gold,  the  weaken- 
ing of  faith,  the  decay  of  public  virtue,  the  lack  of 
private  worth — these  are  the  perils  which  threaten  our 
future  ;  these  are  the  enemies  we  have  to  fear  ;  these  are 
the  traitors  which  infest  the  camp.  We  see  them  daily 
face  to  face  ;  in  the  walk  of  virtue  ;  in  the  road  to  wealth  ; 
in  the  path  to  honor  ;  on  the  way  to  happiness.  There  is 
no  peace  between  them  and  our  safety.  Nor  can  we  avoid 

109 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

them  and  turn  back.  It  is  not  enough  to  rest  upon  the 
past.  No  man  or  nation 

(Plate,  Page  84.) 

can  stand  still.  "We  must  mount  upward  or  go  down.  We 
must  grow  worse  or  better.  It  is  the  eternal  law,  we  can- 
not change  it.  The  century  that  is  opening  is  all  our  own. 
The  years  that  lie  before  us  are  a  virgin  page.  We  can 
inscribe  them  as  we  will.  The  future  of  our  country  rests 
upon  us :  the  happiness  of  posterity  depends  upon  us. 

My  countrymen,  this  anniversary  has  gone  by  forever 
and  my  task  is  done.  While  I  have  spoken  the  hour  has 
passed  from  us  ;  the  hand  has  moved  upon  the  dial  and  the 
old  century  is  dead.  The  American  Union  hath  endured 
a  hundred  years.  Here  on  this  threshhold  of  the  future 
the  voice  of  humanity  shall  not  plead  to  us  in  vain.  There 
shall  be  darkness  in  the  days  to  come ;  danger  for  our 
courage  ;  temptation  for  our  virtue  ;  doubt  for  our  faith  ; 
suffering  for  our  fortitude.  The  years  shall  pass  beneath 
our  feet  and  century  follow  century  in  quick  succession. 
The  generations  of  men  shall  come  and  go  ;  the  crimes  of 
yesterday  shall  be  forgotten  ;  they  and  the  glories  of  this 
noon  shall  vanish  before  to-morrow's  sun ;  but  America 
shall  not  perish,  but  endure  while  the  spirit  of  our  fathers 
animates  their  sons. 

110 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

EXPERT  TESTIMONY. 
(Plate,  Page  85.} 

T.  C.  Crothers,  M.  D.,  sworn  for  the  defendant,  testi- 
fied as  follows  : 

Direct  examination  by  Mr.  Smith. 

Q.    Where  do  you  reside?    A.     Hartford,  Conn. 

Q.  Are  yon  connected  with  any  institution  at  present? 
A.  Yes,  sir,  with  an  Inebriate  Asylum  there. 

Q.     Are  you  a  physician ?    A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Besides  being  connected  with  the  institution  which 
you  have  named  what  other  occupation  have  you?  A. 
Well,  I  am  editor  of  a  journal  devoted  to  the  discussion  of 
the  disease  of  drink  and  of  drinking  men. 

Q.  And  the  effects  of  it?  A.  Yes,  sir,  and  the  effects 
of  alcohol  on  the  brain. 

Q.  Will  you  state  the  effects  of  alcohol  upon  the  brain 
and  the  physical  system  generally.  A.  A  man  who  uses 
alcohol  to  excess,  as  a  rule,  has  a  defective  brain.  The 
first  effect  of  alcohol  stimulates  the  heart  and  brain  and 
the  second  effect  paralyzes  it.  So  that  a  man  after  using 
alcohol  awhile  has  a  defective  brain — a  paralyzed  brain,  a 
brain  incompetent  to  decide  on  the  relations  of  life  and  all 

the  finer  conditions 

Ill 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

(Plate,  Page  86.} 

It  produces  a  species  of  degeneration,  particularly  in  per- 
sons who  use  it  to  excess  and  continuously  for  any  length 
of  time. 

Q.     What  effect  has  it  upon  the  moral  sense ?    A.     It' 
destroys  a  man's  character  ;  destroys  his  veracity  ;  destroys 
his  power  of  judging  right  from  wrong  and  particularly 
his  power  of  discrimination  between  good  and  evil. 

Q.  How  does  it  effect  the  physical  system?  A.  Not 
so  markedly.  It  effects  the  physical  system  in  some  degree 
but  not  so  marked  as  it  does  the  brain  and  nervous  system . 

Q.  What  effect  does  it  have  upon  the  will  power?  A. 
It  lessens — destroys  the  will  power  ;  makes  a  man  incapa- 
ble of  doing  what  he  would  do  if  he  had  not  taken  the 
spirits. 

Cross  examination  by  Mr.  Summers. 

Q.  Did  you  say  that  you  were  connected  with  an 
asylum?  A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Is  that  a  private  or  public  asylum?  A.  It  is 
private. 

Q  You  are  the  originator,  are  you  not,  of  what  is 
termed — of  what  you 

(Plate,  Page  87.) 

call  "  Alcoholic  Insanity?  "  A.    No,  sir,  I  am  not. 

112 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Q.  Are  you  not  the  man  who  has  written  a  book  on 
alcohol  insanity?  A  No,  sir  ;  the  book  was  written  fifty 
years  ago.  I  am  the  man  who'defined  the  theory. 

Q.  When  did  you  first  contemplate  being  a  witness  in 
this  case  ?  A.  About  two  weeks  ago,  I  think. 

Q,  Had  you  ever  seen  the  defendant  at  that  time?  A. 
No,  sir. 

Q.  Had  anything  been  submitted  to  you  in  his  case? 
A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What?  A.  Well,  the  supposed  evidence ;  the  evi- 
dence that  had  been  taken  on  the  coroner's  inquest. 

Q.  You  are  in  conflict  with  many  of  the  recognized 
standard  authors  upon  this  question  of  alcoholic  insanity, 
are  you  not?  A.  No,  sir,  I  do  not  think  I  am. 

Q.  Do  the  standard  authors  claim  that  there  is  any- 
thing of  alcoholic  insanity  beyond  the  mere  fact  that  it 
may  produce  a  disease  of  the  brain  the  same  as  other 
things  may  produce  a  disease  of  the  brain  which  leads  to 
insanity?  A.  That  is  my  view  and  that  is  the  ... 

(Plate,  Page  88.) 
view  of  the  standard  authors. 

Q.     What  particular  definition  would  you  give  to  in- 
sanity produced  by  alcohol  ?    A.     Nothing  more  than  alco- 
holic insanity, 
s  113 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Q.  I  do  not  understand  you  to  say  that  this  man  is 
insane?  A.  No,  sir,  I  did  not  say  that  he  was  insane. 

Q.  Then,  upon  your  mere  knowledge  that  he  had  been 
a  hard  drinking  man  you  came  to  testify  as  to  his  inability? 
A.  Yes,  sir,  supposing  the  facts  that  had  been  presented 
to  me  were  true. 

Q.  Well,  he  told  you  the  facts  of  his  hard  drinking? 
A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  are  one  of  the  people  who  believe  in  insane 
impulses?  A.  Certainly  I  do. 

Q.  What  you  call  an  insane  impulse  is  an  uncontroll- 
able impulse,  is  it  not?  A.  Certainly. 

Q.  All  brains  are  more  or  less  defective,  are  they  not? 
A.  Not  necessarily,  no,  sir. 

Q.  How  is  it,  generally  speaking?  A.  Well,  a  man 
who  drinks  whisky  has  a  defective  brain  to  some  extent, 
of  course, 

CHARGE  TO  A  JURY. 
(Plate,  Page  89.) 

Gentlemen  of  the  Jury  :  The  prisoner  at  the  bar  was 
indicted  by  the  grand  jury  of  the  city  and  county  of  Erie, 
Pa.,  and  thereby  charged  with  being  guilty  of  the  crime  of 
murder  in  the  unlawful  killing,  with  malice  aforethought, 
of  James  Alexander,  on  the  3d  of  July  of  last  year,  by 

114 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 

shooting  him  through  the  agency  of  a  pistol  loaded  with 
powder  and  ball.  To  this  indictment  the  prisoner  has 
pleaded,  not  guilty ;  and  you,  gentlemen,  under  your 
oaths  and  the  instructions  of  the  Court  as  to  the  law,  are 
called  upon,  as  jurors,  from  the  evidence,  to  decide  by 
your  verdict  as  to  his  guilt  or  innocence  of  the  crime 
charged  against  him.  You  gentlemen,  no  doubt,  appreciate 
the  magnitude  of  the  duty  you  are  called  upon  to  perform — 
the  most  important  of  any  that  falls  within  the  province 
of  jurors  ;  important,  not  only,  to  the  prisoner,  but  if  he 
be  guilty,  to  the  protection,  safety  and  well  being  of 
society.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Court  to  state  the  law  ap- 
plicable to  the  case  on  trial,  and  by  the  facts  and  circum- 
stances developed  in  the  evidence  ;  to  decide  what  shall 
not  be  admitted  as  legal  and  competent  evidence,  and 
generally  to 

(Plate,  Page  90.) 

recall  the  conduct  of  the  trial.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  jury 
to  take  such  evidence  into  consideration  ;  to  weigh  it  care- 
fully ;  to  apply  their  best  judgment  to  the  discovery  of  the 
truth  and  by  their  verdict  to  declare  it  without  regard  to 
the  sex  or  social  position  of  the  party  accused  In  the 
language  of  an  eminent  jurist  "We  are  not  here  to  ad- 
minister sympathy,  but  to  execute  justice ;  to  carry  into 

115 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

effect  the  laws  of  tho  land  ;  to  enforce  its  solemn  mandates  ; 
and  not  to  nullify  or  relax  its  positive  commands  by  mis- 
placed sympathy  or  morbid  clemency." 

On  behalf  of  the  prisoner  it  is  insisted  that  he  should 
be  acquitted,  for  the  reasons,  as  alleged,  that  he  is  not 
legally,  morally  or  otherwise,  responsible  for  the  killing  of 
the  deceased,  James  Alexander,  if  he  did  kill  him  ;  that  he 
was  insane  when  the  mortal  injury  was  inflicted  ;  that  he 
was  unconscious  at  the  time  of  the  alleged  shooting  ;  that 
he  was  then  unconscious  of  the  act  and  in  such  a  state  of 
mind  produced  by  historical  mania,  superinduced  by 
organic  disease  and  incapable . 

(Plate,  Page  91.) 

of  harboring  malice  ;  that  at  the  moment  of  discharging  the 
fatal  shot  he  was  impelled  to  do  so  by  an  uncontrollable 
impulse  and  was  then  unconscious  of  doing  wrong — not 
legally  responsible  for  the  act  and  not  guilty  of  murder  in 
the  first  or  second  degree  or  of  manslaughter  ;  therefore  it  is 
necessary  that  the  law  in  reference  to  insanity  and  diseases 
of  the  mind,  applicable  to  homicide,  should  be  adverted 
to.  Insanity  has  been  defined  as  "  Unsoundness  of  mind  ;" 
yet  a  person  of  unsound  mind  may  commit  a  crime  and  be 
legally  held  responsible  for  its  commission,  unless  his 
peculiar  unsoundness  of  mind  or  monomania  were  involved, 

116 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

for  the  reason  that  his  mind  may  be  unsound  on  some  sub- 
jects and  sound  upon  others.  In  reference  to  crimes  in 
this  State  :  "To  establish  a  defence  on  the  ground  of  in- 
sanity it  must  be  clearly  proved  that  at  the  time  of  the 
committing  of  the  act  the  party  accused  was  laboring 
under  such  a  defect  of  reason,  from  disease  of  the  mind,  as 
not  to  know  the  nature  or  quality  of  the  act,  or  if  he  did 
know  it  that  he  did  not  know  that  he  was  doing  .  .  . 

(Plate,  Page  92.) 

what  was  wrong."  The  criminal  jurisprudence  of  this 
State  effectually  provides  that  no  person  is  or  shall  be  held 
responsible  for  any  off  ense  against  the  law  if  he  was  natur- 
ally, or  otherwise,  an  idiot,  a  lunatic  or  affected  morbidly, 
temporary  or  permanent,  insanity,  mania,  monomania, 
dementia  or  any  mental  disease  or  ailment  which  deprive 
him  of  the  power  of  distinguishing  between  good  and  evil, 
right  from  wrong,  at  the  time  he  committed  the  offense. 
You  can,  also,  in  determining  the  question  of  sanity  or  in- 
sanity, consider  all  the  evidence  given,  either  on  behalf  of 
the  prosecution  or  the  prisoner,  and  apply  to  the  facts  and 
circumstances  developed  your  knowledge  of  human  nature 
and  the  tendencies  of  the  human  mind  and  thereby 
ascertain  whether  or  not  he  was,  at  the  time  the  mortal 
wound  was  inflicted,  responsible  for  the  act.  If  it  be 

117 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

shown  that  the  intellectual  faculties  were  so  impaired  as 
to  produce  a  general  habitual  derangement  of  them,  not 
traceable  to  some  temporary  cause,  the  law  would  presume 
the  mind  to  have  continued  in  this  state  until  the  contrary- 
was  shown.  But  the  principle  is  different  in  reference  to 
temporary  or  periodical  insanity  resulting  from  .  .  . 

(Plate,  Page  93.) 

some  transient  cause,  for  then  the  presumption  would  be 
that  the  mind  was  restored  to  its  normal  condition  when 
the  disturbing  element  had  ceased  to  operate. 

If,  gentlemen,  under  the  principles  of  law  you  have 
been  instructed  upon,  you  find  from  the  evidence  the 
prisoner  killed  the  deceased,  James  Alexander,  at  the 
time,  place  and  in  the  manner  charged  in  the  indictment 
or  before  the  same  was  found  by  the  grand  jury  and  that 
in  such  killing  there  was  a  malicious,  deliberate,  premedi- 
ted  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  prisoner  to  take  the  life  of 
the  deceased,  and  the  deceased  died  within  a  year  and  a 
day  after  the  fatal  injury  was  inflicted,  you  will  find  him 
guilty  of  murder  ;  or  if  you  find  from  the  evidence,  after 
applying  the  principles  of  law  as  you  have  been  instructed, 
the  prisoner  killed  the  deceased  at  the  time,  place  and  in 
the  manner  charged  in  the  indictment  or  at  any  time  be- 
fore the  same  was  found  by  the  grand  jury,  without  any 

118 


NEW   STANDARD  SHORTHAND   READER. 

considerable  provocation  and  that  such  killing  showed  a 
malignant  heart,  you  will  find  him  guilty  of  murder.  In 
the  event  you  agree  tipon  a  conviction 

(Plate,  Page  94.) 

of  the  prisoner  you  will  state  by  your  verdict,  if  he  be 
guilty  of  murder  in  the  first  degree,  murder  in  the  second 
degree  or  guilty  of  manslaughter.  If  you  find  he  is  not 
guilty,  you  will  so  declare  in  your  verdict.  You  will  care- 
fully consider  all  the  facts  and  circumstances  of  the  case 
as  detailed  by  the  evidence.  Your  deliberation  should  be 
calm  and  serious  ;  be  not  influenced  by  passion  or  prej- 
udice— you  cannot  be  without  doing  injustice  to  the 
prisoner,  to  society  or  to  yourselves.  Believing,  gentle- 
men, you  will  act  dispassionately  and  justly,  the  case  is 
now  submitted  to  your  consideration. 


119 


PART  THIRD. 


DICTATION   EXERCISES. 


121 


BUSINESS  CORRESPONDENCE. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

Mr.  Smith,  a  gentleman  who  is,  I  believe,  well  known  to 
you,  has  frequently  spoken  to  me  of  your  house  of  business 
in  terms  of  great  praise,  and  has  strongly  recommended 
me  to  make  a  trial  of  your  goods.  On  this  recommenda- 
tion, I  enclose  you  a  list  of  goods  which  I  at  present 
require,  and  will  thank  you  to  indicate  the  prices  of  the 
various  articles  enumerated.  If  on  receipt  of  your  answer 
I  find  the  quotations  reasonable,  I  shall  do  myself  the 
pleasure  of  transmitting  you  an  order.  Be  good  enough  to 
let  me  know  at  the  same  time  what  are  your  terms  of  pay- 
ment, together  with  any  other  particulars  which  you  may 
consider  desirable  for  me  to  be  informed  of. 

Awaiting  an  early  reply,  I  remain, 
Yours  truly, 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  15th  inst.,  we  beg  to  en- 
close, with  prices  annexed,  the  list  you  sent  us.  These 
prices  you  will,  we  are  certain,  find  most  reasonable,  and 
we  guarantee  at  the  same  time  the  excellent  quality  of  the 
goods.  Should  you  favor  us  with  an  order,  we  natter  our- 
selves that  you  will  be  enabled  to  confirm  by  experience 
the  favorable  opinion  which  our  friend,  Mr.  Smith,  has 
been  good  enough  to  express  of  our  merchandise. 

123 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

With  regard  to  payment,  our  terms  are  5%  discount  for 
cash,  or  a  bill  at  three  months,  and  you  are  at  liberty  to 
choose  the  mode  of  settlement  that  best  suits  you. 

Trusting  that  we  shall  be  favored  with  your  orders,  we 

remain, 

Yours  sincerely, 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  16th.,  I  beg  to  say  that  I 
am  satisfied  with  the  list  of  prices  sent  and  also  with  the 
terms  of  payment  mentioned  by  you.  Please  forward  as 
soon  as  possible  the  articles  indicated  on  the  enclosed  list, 
and  if,  as  I  doubt  not,  the  goods  come  up  to  my  expecta- 
tions, I  hope  to  have  the  pleasure  of  extending  my  relations 
with  your  house. 

Our  friend,  Mr.  Smith,  whom  I  have  already  mentioned, 
will  cheef ully  afford  you  any  information  you  may  desire 
to  have  respecting  me,  and  should  you  require  additional 
references,  I  can  forward  you  the  names  of  two  or  three 
Indianapolis  houses  where  my  account  has  been  open  for 
some  years. 

I  will  duly  notify  you  upon  receipt  of  the  goods,  and 
you  may  then  draw  upon  me  for  the  amount  at  three 
months,  agreeable  to  your  terms. 

Yours  respectfully, 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

We  herewith  enclose  you  invoice  of  the  articles  ordered 
by  your  favor  of  the  20th  inst.  The  goods  have  been 

124 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

forwarded  to  your  address  by  freight  this  day.  The 
greatest  care  has  been  exercised  in  the  selection  of  the 
goods,  and  we  trust  you  will  be  pleased  with  them  in  every 
respect.  The  terms  in  which  Mr.  Smith  has  spoken  of  you 
are  perfectly  satisfactory,  and  we  need  no  further  refer- 
ences. 

Thanking  you  for  the  confidence  which  you  have  placed 
in  us,  and  assuring  you  that  we  shall  be  most  happy  to  re- 
ceive a  continuance  of  your  favors,  we  remain, 
Yours  faithfully, 


PRINTERS'  CORRESPONDENCE. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

In  reply  to  your  favor  concerning  Jobbers'  Catalogues, 
the  price  has  been  figured  on  such  a  basis  that  we  really 
cannot  come  down  without  robbing  ourselves,  otherwise 
we  would  be  glad  to  do  so  in  order  to  meet  your  views. 

There  is,  however,  a  way  of  cheapening  the  job  some- 
what by  selecting  a  different  style  of  paper  for  the  cover. 
You  had  a  preference  for  the  Imitation  Cloth,  and  this 
being  a  novelty  commands  a  price  a  good  deal  in  excess  of 
that  charged  for  other  first-class  cover  papers. 

We  could  put  on  a  very  good  cover,  probably  just  as 
serviceable  as  the  one  that  you  selected,  and  save  you 
probably  $25  00  on  the  25, 000  catalogues. 

If  you  wish  to  look  further  into  the  matter  on  that 

125 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

basis,  we  should  be  glad  to  select  a  number  of  samples  that 
we  would  deem  suitable  for  the  purpose,  and  send  them  to 
you  for  your  selection. 

Yours  very  truly, 

GENTLEMEN 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  12th  inst.,  we  did  not 
go  into  the  details  as  regards  the  paper  stock  because  we 
had  submitted  a  sample  in  the  dummy  which  we  made  for 
you  and  it  was  this  paper  that  we  agreed  to  furnish. 

The  cover  paper  has  to  be  made  to  order,  but  it  will  be 
the  same  stock  as  that  which  you  showed  us,  that  is  the 
Persian  cover,  waterproofed  on  one  side. 

We  will  have  a  rough  design  drawn  forthwith,  and  will 
do  all  we  can  to  make  the  job  in  a  handsome  manner  and 
thoroughly  satisfactory  to  yourselves. 
Very  truly  yours, 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

In  reply  to  your  esteemed  favor  of  the  23d  inst.,  we 
quote : — 

5000  Catalogues,  as  described  in  your  letter,  electros 
famished,  $360.00. 

The  composition  on  any  extra  pages  that  you  may  want 
to  have  reset  will  be  $2.20  each. 

One  of  our  representatives  will  call  on  you  in  a  few 
days  and  we  hope  you  will  be  able  to  reserve  this  order  for 

him. 

Very  truly  yours, 

126 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  4th  inst.  is  at  hand,  and  we 
enter  your  order  for  the  25,000  Catalogues.  Our  price  for 
the  same  is  1279.00. 

In  looking  over  the  copy  of  the  proposition  that  we 
made  to  you,  we  find  that  Mr.  Vincent  omitted  to  dictate 
to  your  stenographer  the  number  of  catalogues  on  which 
the  price  was  made.  That  number,  however,  was  15,000, 
and  the  price  quoted  you  verbally  for  25,000  was  $279.00. 

We  think  Mr.  Brown  will  find  this  to  correspond  with 
the  memoranda  that  we  made. 

Respectfully  yours, 


LAW  CORRESPONDENCE. 

DEAR  SIR  :— 

As  regards  Mrs.  Packard's  claim  against  John  R.  Mason, 
I  would  say  that  while  I  regard  his  charge  as  grossly 
exhorbitant  I  have  not  seen  my  way  clear  to  advising  her 
to  bring  an  action  to  recover  the  excess,  for  the  reason 
that  she  paid  him  this  money,  unwillingly  it  is  true,  but 
still  voluntarily,  and  accepted  his  receipt  in  full  payment 
of  services. 

Again,  you  will  find  it  exceedingly  difficult  to  show  that 
Denton  kept  more  than  one  $500.00.  Mrs.  Packard  under- 
stands it  this  way,  but  the  two  Packard  heirs  here  do  not, 
and  they  will  be  of  no  service  to  you  as  witnesses  on  this 
point.  I  cannot  but  think  that  Mrs.  Packard's  wisest 

127 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

course  would  be  to  abstain  from  further  litigation  in  con- 
nection with  those  matters.  I  have  so  advised  her  before 
and  am  sorry  for  her  sake  to  learn  that  she  is  still  inclined 

otherwise. 

Respectfully  yours, 

DEAR  MADAM  : — 

Your  letter  of  yesterday  received  this  morning.  Owing 
to  the  rapid  growth  of  the  city  and  the  large  number  of 
new  houses  that  are  being  built,  there  are  a  great  many 
applications  for  loans  at  six  per  cent.,  and  there  is  no  diffi- 
culty in  placing  money  on  good  security  at  that  rate  of 
interest. 

Loans  of  $2,500.00  on  property  worth  from  $4,000.00  to 
$5,000.00  are  in  special  demand  this  spring  and  if  you 
will  send  me  a  New  York  Draft  for  $2,500.00,  payable  to 
my  order  as  attorney,  I  can  safely  promise  to  invest  the 
money  for  you  within  a  week  or  ten  days,  in  the  manner 
and  upon  the  terms  suggested  in  your  letter.  Your  request 
for  "  my  terms  "  I  suppose  refer  to  my  charges  for  exam- 
ining the  title,  and  placing  the  money.  There  will  be  no 
charge  to  you  for  these  or  any  other  services  connected 
with  the  placing  of  the  loan,  as  all  expenses  ha  veto  be  paid 

by  the  borrower. 

Respectfully, 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

I  am  authorized  by  Messrs.  G.  H.  Hardy  &  Co.  to  offer 
payment  of  $500.00  on  or  before  July  20th  and  monthly 

128 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND    READER. 

payments  of  at  least  $100.00  thereafter,  the  amount  of  the 
note  to  be  reduced  to  $1,500.00  within  one  year  from  the 
date  of  the  acceptance  of  the  offer — any  extension  of  credit 
beyond  July  20th  to  be  conditional  on  our  being  able  to 
extend  the  time  of  payment  of  notes  now  owing  Bank  of 
Buffalo,  and  Moulton  &  Davis,  which  notes  fall  due  August 
1st  and  Sept.  1st,  respectively. 

Please  inform  me  of  the  action  of  your  Board  of 
Directors  upon  this  offer  of  settlement.  As  I  said  to  you 
yesterday,  my  clients  are  more  than  willing  to  do  anything 
in  their  power  to  satisfy  the  demand  of  the  Niagara  Bank, 
and  trust  that  they  may  be  given  a  reasonable  opportunity 
to  show  both  their  good  faith  and  their  ability  to  keep  their 
promises. 

Very  truly  yours, 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

Your  letter  of  yesterday  received.  There  is  scarcely 
room  for  disagreement  between  us  as  to  the  arrangement 
made,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  it  was  reduced  to  writing. 
There  is  no  disposition  on  my  part  to  question  our  under- 
standing that  all  money  collected  after  the  levying  of  the 
attachment  was  to  be  paid  over  as  soon  as  the  amount 
could  be  ascertained  with  a  reasonable  degree  of  certainty. 

On  the  other  hand  there  was  no  "  understanding  "  one 
way  or  the  other  as  to  whether  the  money  had  been  kept 
intact,  and  you  will  pardon  me  for  saying  that  there  is  no 
basis  whatever  for  your  assumption  to  the  contrary. 

129 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND    READER. 

If,  as  now  seems  probable,  the  amount  collected  on  the 
accounts  should  prove  to  be  considerably  more  than  I  had 
supposed,  and  if  Mr.  Bell  has  not  that  amount  at  his 
disposal,  there  is  no  alternative  but  to  wait  until  he  can 
realize  from  some  of  his  wife's  property.  There  is  no 
disposition,  however,  to  ' '  hand  the  matter  along  for  some 
time  "  and  payment  will  be  made  as  promptly  as  possible. 
You  will  see  from  Miss  Gibbon's  revised  statement  that 
there  was  abundant  reason  for  my  skepticism  as  to  the 
amount  which  had  been  collected. 
Yours  truly, 

STREET  RAILWAY  CORRESPONDENCE. 

GENTLEMEN  :  — 

I  would  be  pleased  to  have  prices  for  your  different 
types  of  special  work,  namely  :  ' '  Integral, "  "  Composite, ' ' 
"  Chilled  Metal  "  and  "Built  Up."  I  want  the  prices  to 
be  complete  on  each  factor  of  the  special  work,  so  that  in 
awarding  the  contracts  I  may  be  able  to  figure  the  cost  of 
any  piece  of  work,  no  matter  how  complicated,  right  here 
in  my  office. 

We  have  never  used  less  than  7-inch  construction  nor 
more  than  9-inch ;  crossties,  3-foot  centers  ;  gage,  5  feet 
4%  inches ;  rail  section,  2-inch  head,  3-inch  tram  for 
straight  track  and  at  least  1-inch  clearance. 

I  am  getting  out  quite  a  good  deal  of  special  work,  and 
would  like  to  place  the  orders  for  same  as  fast  a«  possible. 
Yours  very  truly, 
130 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

In  reply  to  yours  of  the  10th  inst.,  in  regard  to  depth 
of  rails  over  gutter  in  curves  at  Pratt  St.,  corner  of  Gilmor, 
as  shown  on  drawing  K — 1,  I  would  say  that  there  is  noth- 
ing at  this  place  that  arbitrarily  fixes  the  depth  of  the  rail. 
The  gutter  will  have  to  be  deepened  some  anyway.  The 
conditions  are  that  we  do  not  wish  to  sacrifice  the  track  at 
the  expense  of  the  gutter,  though  we  wish  to  change  the 
gutter  as  little  as  possible. 

We  would  like  to  have  the  rails  over  the  gutter  not 
more  than  six  inches  in  depth.  The  dotted  lines  on  the 
plan  showing  the  gutter  are  the  outside  lines  of  the 
gutter. 

Please  substitute  "Standard  Steel  Tongue  Switch  "  for 
1 '  Standard  Steel  Run-off  ' '  in  this  piece  of  special  work. 
Yours  very  truly, 


GENTLEMEN  : — 

We  propose  to  construct  and  furnish,  complete,  two  and 
one-half  miles  of  overhead  trolley  line  construction,  in- 
cluding the  same  length  of  No.  0000  B.  &  S.  triple-braid, 
weather-proof  feed  wire,  which  we  are  to  run  from  your 
Waverly  power  house  to  and  along  the  line  mentioned  in 
your  letter  of  the  25th,  for  the  sum  of  $2,347.96. 

We  understand  that  two  feed  wires  will  be  run  along 
York  Road  to  Huntingdon  Ave.,  thence  on  the  poles  of 

131 


NKW    STANDARD    S1IORTTIAND   HEADER. 

the  Traction  Company  to  Charles  St.,  thence  on  poles 
to  be  erected  to  present  line  of  C.  &  S.  Ry.  Co.  on  Hunt- 
ingdon Ave.,  to  the  beginning  of  the  new  line — one  of 
them  being  a  track  feeder.  The  balance  of  the  wire  is  to 
be  erected  along  the  line,  and  it  is  understood  that  we  are 
to  furnish  feed-in  taps  as  required. 

For  carrying  the  above  feeders,  we  propose  to  furnish 
all  necessary  cross-arms,  pins  and  insulators  ;  also  two 
standard  side  iron  poles  on  Huntingdon  Ave.  to  carry 
the  feed  wire  from  the  end  of  the  Traction  Company's 
poles  on  Charles  St.  to  your  Maryland  Ave.  poles '. 

We  propose  also  to  furnish  the  necessary  overhead 
crossings  with  trolley  breakers  where  intersecting  other 
Company's  lines.  We  also  propose  to  furnish  lightning 
arresters,  to  be  erected  every  1,500  feet  of  track. 

It  is  also  understood  that  we  are  to  furnish,  for  the 
portion  of  the  work  as  specified,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
No.  O.  B.  &  S.  gage  hard-drawn  copper  trolley  wire, 
straight  line  and  bracket  trolley  insulators,  double  anchors 
and  bridles  on  both  sides  of  each  curve,  together  with  all 
other  details  as  usually  furnished,  and  which  are  requisite 
to  the  completion  of  a  first-class  job.  We  also  understand 
that  we  are  to  paint  all  poles  two  coats  of  first-quality 
paint,  color  to  be  approved  by  your  Company. 

All  the  above  construction  is  to  be  first-class  in  every 
particular,  ready  to  receive  electricity,  and  all  labor  and 
material  to  be  subject  to  inspection  and  acceptance  by  your 
Chief  Engineer  or  his  representative. 

132 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Trusting  we  may  be  honored  with  your  valuable  order, 
we  remain 

Very  truly  yours, 

BALTIMORE,  October ,  1898 

We  hereby  accept  your  proposition,  as  above. 
By ,  Pres. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

In  answer  to  yours  of  the  13th  instant,  I  would  state 
that  your  proposition  for  building  the  Lombard  St.  line, 
from  Howard  St.  to  the  Pratt  St.  stables  of  this  Company, 
has  been  accepted,  on  the  following  terms  and  conditions  : 

You  will  do  the  work  under  the  same  specifications  and 
prices  as  are  now  used  on  the  Greenmount  Ave.  Line, 
except  the  item  which  reads  "  lOc  per  lineal  foot  of  track, " 
which  we  agree  to  make  ' '  9c  per  lineal  foot  of  track, ' ' 
provided  the  whole  work  is  completed  before  June  1, 1899. 
If  not  completed  before  that  time,  you  are  to  receive  8c 
per  lineal  foot  of  single  track. 

You  will  also  furnish  and  deliver  what  cobblestone 
may  be  necessary  to  complete  the  pavement,  where  this 
kind  of  paving  is  specified,  at  $3.97  per  perch.  Where 
possible,  the  basis  of  measurement  for  said  cobblestone 
shall  be  50  square  feet  of  pavement  as  being  equal  to  one 
perch  of  stone. 

You  will  also  furnish  such  sand  as  may  be  necessary, 
the  price  for  which  will  be  decided  on  later  conditioned  on 

133 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

quality  of  sand  and  length  of  haul  to  the  various  sites  of 
work.  About  all  the  new  sand  we  will  use  on  this  line 
will  be  for  covering  new  pavement,  that  is  in  case  the 
material  at  hand  is  not,  in  the  opinion  of  my  Inspector, 
suitable  for  such  purpose. 

As  you  have  all  the  appendages  for  this  work  at  your 
storage  building  we  will  expect  you  to  deliver  the  same  on 
the  work  as  required,  free  of  any  further  cost  to  us. 

The  first  of  the  cross  ties  that  you  are  to  use  we  will 
get  from  the  steamer's  wharf  at  Tobacco  Warehouse  No.  1, 
and  you  will  haul  from  there  approximately  1,500  ties,  the 
exact  number  to  be  determined  later.  The  remaining  ties 
to  finish  the  work  will  be  obtained  at  Miller's  Wharf. 
Yours  very  truly, 


GENTLEMEN  :— - 

You  will  please  enter  our  order  for  the  following  lumber, 
delivery  by  steamer  to  be,  as  per  your  proposition  of  the 
3d  instant,  in  less  than  twenty  days  : 

8,600  lineal  feet  of  5"  x  7%"  long-leaf  Georgia  yellow 
pine,  cut  in  lengths  of  24',  27'  30'  and  33'. 

10,000  board  feet  of  Georgia  yellow  pine,  free  from 
knots  and  of  merchantable  quality,  to  be  used  as  guard- 
rail material ,  cut  2"  x  4"  x  18'  long. 

1,480  pieces  6"  x  8"  x  10'  long. 

It  is  understood  that  prices  are  those  quoted  in  your 
proposition  of  the  3d,  and  that  payments  will  be  made  by 

134 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

the  Company  for  all  material   delivered  in  any  calendar 
month,  on  the  15th  of  the  following  month. 
Yours  very  truly, 

DEAR  SIR  : — 

You  will  please  note  the  following  instructions  regard- 
ing matters  to  be  looked  after  that  may  come  up  within 
the  next  few  days  : 

I  have  instructed  Smith  &  Son  to  haul  5x8  ties  from 
steamer's  wharf,  thus  making  up  for  the  deficiency  caused 
by  hauling  ties  from  Miller's  wharf  for  the  Greenmount 
Ave.  line.  They  are  also  instructed  to  continue  hauling 
from  Miller's  wharf  and  to  deliver  ties  on  Columbia  Ave. 
until  the  entire  amount  is  filled  out. 

Please  have  the  shed  at  Pratt  St.  wharf  entirely  cleared 
for  the  reception  of  all  short  stuff  for  all  our  work,  and 
open  up  a  stock  account  with  that  building,  charging  it  for 
everything  you  put  in  and  giving  it  credit  for  everything 
removed.  Have  all  the  material  arranged  in  there  so  that 
every  kind  of  stuff  stored  there  may  be  kept  separate. 

We  will  pile  all  material  for  Pratt  St.  construction, 
special  work  and  straight  rails  on  that  part  of  our  lot 
facing  on  Pratt  St.  The  short  stuff  is  to  go  in  the  shed. 

I  enclose  you,  for  your  additional  information,  copy  of 
letter  giving  Smith  &  Son  the  contract  for  Lombard  St. 
work,  which  letter  will  explain  itself. 

You  will  please  file  a  weekly  report  of  your  material 
account  at  this  and  all  other  sheds  and  depositories 

Yours  very  truly, 
135 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  READER. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

I  am  in  receipt  to-day  of  your  favor  of  the  21st,  enclos- 
ing shipping  receipts  for  the  first  engine. 

The  engine  is  also  here,  and  I  wired  you  concerning 
shipments  and  hauling  same,  about  which  you  inquired 
in  your  letter  of  the  20th.  I  was  not  aware  that  we  would 
have  anything  to  do  with  this  matter,  supposing  that  you 
would  look  after  it  yourself. 

I  understand  from  the  boiler  contractors,  here,  that 
they  will  have  two  of  the  boilers  on  the  ground  on  the 
30th  or  31st.  They  will  commence  the  erection  of  same 
immediately,  and  hope  to  have  them  all  set  up,  bricked  in 
and  ready  to  fire  up  in  one  week,  and  of  course  we  will 
want  your  engines  to  be  placed  and  finished  with  the 
boilers,  enabling  us  to  have  the  use  of  the  engines  and 
boilers  at  the  same  time.  We  are  waiting  for  them  and 
are  badly  in  need  of  the  same. 

Yours  very  truly, 


GENTLEMEN  : — 

Your  favor  of  the  2d  inst.  received.  Would  state,  in 
reply,  that  I  received  your  catalog  No.  2,  some  days  ago, 
and  have  become  somewhat  interested  in  this  matter, 
although  I  have  not  had  time  to  investigate  it  thoroughly. 
In  regard  to  heating  our  street  cars  here,  it  is  a  matter 
for  the  Operating  Department  to  decide,  although  I  have 
been  pretty  active  in  trying  to  interest  them  in  this  matter, 

136 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

and  will  bring  your  letter  before  them  at  some  convenient 
day,  and  therefore  may  take  up  the  subject  with  you 
later. 

As  the  weather  grows  warmer — and  this  it  is  doing  very 
rapidly  now — I  suppose  it  will  be  rather  difficult  to  interest 
our  people  in  the  matter  of  heating  cars  ;  on  the  other 
hand,  the  people  will  be  asking  the  Company  for  something 
to  keep  them  cool. 

Yours  very  truly, 

APPLICATION  FOR  POSITION. 

GENTLEMEN  : — 

I  herewith  apply  for  the  position  of  stenographer  and 
typewriter  in  your  office,  and,  as  a  testimonial  of  my 
ability,  I  enclose  a  letter  from  Mr.  Prince,  President  of  the 
Trinity  Business  College,  of  which  institution  I  am  a  recent 
graduate. 

As  a  certificate  of  character,  I  also  enclose  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Brewster,  a  gentleman  well  known  to  your  Mr. 
Clayton. 

My  age  is  nineteen  and  I  am  an  alumnus  of  the  Buffalo 
High  School. 

If  you  are  satisfied  with  my  work,  after  one  month's 
trial,  I  shall  expect  a  contract  for  one  year  at  an  annual 
salary  of  $600.00.  During  the  trial  month  I  value  my 
services  at  $10.00  per  week. 

Respectfully  yours, 
Enclosures  : 
Prince  letter, 
Brewster  letter. 

137 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 


EXTRACT  FROM  ADAM  BEDE. 

Falsehood  is  so  easy,  truth  so  difficult.  The  pencil  is 
conscious  of  a  delightful  facility  in  drawing  a  griffin — the 
longer  the  claws  and  the  larger  the  wings,  the  better :  but 
that  marvellous  facility  which  we  mistook  for  genius  is 
apt  to  forsake  us  when  we  want  to  draw  a  real  unexagger- 
ated  lion.  Examine  your  words  well  and  you  will  find 
that  even  when  you  have  no  motive  to  be  false,  it  is  a  very 
hard  thing  to  say  the  exact  truth,  even  about  your  own 
immediate  feelings — much  harder  than  to  say  something 
fine  about  them  which  is  not  the  exact  truth. 

It  is  for  this  rare,  precious  quality  of  truthfulness  that 
I  delight  in  many  Dutch  paintings,  which  lofty-minded 
people  despise.  I  find  a  source  of  delicious  sympathy  in 
these  faithful  pictures  of  a  monotonous  homely  existence, 
which  has  been  the  fate  of  so  many  more  among  my  fellow- 
mortals  than  a  life  of  pomp  or  of  absolute  indigence,  of 
tragic  suffering  or  of  world- stirring  actions.  I  turn,  with- 
out shrinking,  from  cloud-born  angels,  from  prophets, 
sibyls,  and  heroic  warriors,  to  an  old  woman  bending  over 
her  flower-pot,  or  eating  her  solitary  dinner,  while  the 
noonday  light,  softened  perhaps  by  a  screen  of  leaves,  falls 
on  her  mob-cap,  and  just  touches  the  rim  of  her  spinning- 
wheel,  and  her  stone  jug,  and  all  those  cheap  common 
things  which  are  the  precious  necessaries  of  life  to  her  ; — 
or  I  turn  to  that  village  wedding,  kept  between  four  brown 
walls,  where  an  awkward  bridegroom  opens  the  dance  with 

138 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

a  high -shouldered,  broad-faced  bride,  while  elderly  and 
middle-aged  friends  look  on,  with  very  irregular  noses 
and  lips,  and  probably  with  quartpots  in  their  hands,  but 
with  an  expression  of  tinmistakable  contentment  and  good- 
will. 


A  MESSAGE  TO  GARCIA. 

(Permission  of  Elbert  Hubbard.) 

In  all  this  Cuban  business  there  is  one  man  stands  out 
on  the  horizon  of  my  memory  like  Mars  at  perihelion. 
When  war  broke  out  between  Spain  and  the  United  States, 
it  was  very  necessary  to  communicate  quickly  with  the 
leader  of  the  Insurgents.  Garcia  was  somewhere  in  the 
mountain  fastnesses  of  Cuba — no  one  knew  where .  No  mail 
nor  telegraph  message  could  reach  him.  The  President 
must  secure  his  co-operation,  and  quickly. 

What  to  do ! 

Someone  said  to  the  President,  ' '  There  s  a  fellow  by 
the  name  of  Rowan  will  find  Garcia  for  you,  if  anybody 
can." 

Rowan  was  sent  for  and  given  a  letter  to  be  delivered 
to  Garcia.  How  ' '  the  fellow  by  the  name  of  Rowan  ' ' 
took  the  letter,  sealed  it  up  in  an  oil-skin  pouch,  strapped 
it  over  his  heart,  in  four  days  landed  by  night  off  the  coast 
of  Cuba  from  an  open  boat,  disappeared  into  the  jungle, 
and  in  three  weeks  came  out  on  the  other  side  of  the 

139 


NEW  STANDARD.  SHORTHAND  READER. 

Island,  having  traversed  a  hostile  country  on  foot,  and 
delivered  his  letter  to  Garcia,  are  things  I  have  no  special 
desire  now  to  tell  in  detail. 

The  point  I  wish  to  make  is  this :  McKinley  gave 
Rowan  a  letter  to  be  delivered  to  Garcia  ;  Rowan  took  the 
letter  and  did  not  ask,  "Where  is  he  at?"  By  the 
Eternal !  there  is  a  man  whose  form  should  be  cast  in 
deathless  bronze  and  the  statue  placed  in  every  college  of 
the  land.  It  is  not  book  learning  young  men  need,  nor 
instruction  about  this  and  that,  but  a  stiffening  of  the 
vertebrae  which  will  cause  them  to  be  loyal  to  a  trust,  to 
act  promptly,  concentrate  their  energies :  do  the  thing — 
"  Carry  a  message  to  Garcia  !  " 

General  Garcia  is  dead  now,  but  there  are  other  Garcias. 

No  man,  who  has  endeavored  to  carry  out  an  enterprise 
where  many  hands  were  needed,  but  has  been  well  nigh 
appalled  at  times  by  the  imbecility  of  the  average  man — 
the  inability  or  unwillingness  to  concentrate  on  a  thing  and 
do  it.  Slip-shod  assistance,  foolish  inattention,  dowdy  in- 
difference, and  half-hearted  work  seem  the  rule  ;  and  no 
man  succeeds,  unless  by  hook  or  crook,  or  threat,  he  forces 
or  bribes  other  men  to  assist  him  ;  or  mayhap,  God  in  His 
goodness  performs  a  miracle,  and  sends  him  an  Angel  of 
Light  for  an  assistant.  You,  reader,  put  this  matter  to  a 
test :  You  are  sitting  now  in  your  office — six  clerks  are 
within  call.  Summon  any  one  and  make  this  request : 
"  Please  look  in  the  encyclopedia  and  make  a  brief  memo- 
randum for  me  concerning  the  life  of  Correggio. " 

140 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Will  the  clerk  quietly  say,  "  Yes,  sir,"  and  go  to  do  the 
task? 

On  your  life,  he  will  not.  He  will  look  at  you  out  of  a 
fishy  eye  and  ask  one  or  more  of  the  following  questions  : 

Who  was  he? 

Which  encyclopedia? 

Where  is  the  encyclopedia? 

Was  I  hired  for  that? 

Don't  you  mean  Bismarck? 

What's  the  matter  with  Charlie  doing  it? 

Is  he  dead? 

Is  there  any  hurry? 

Shan't  I  bring  you  the  book  and  let  you  look  it  up  your- 
self? 

What  do  you  want  to  know  for? 

And  I  will  lay  you  ten  to  one  that  after  you  have 
answered  the  questions,  and  explained  how  to  find  the  in- 
formation, and  why  you  want  it,  the  clerk  will  go  off  and 
get  one  of  the  other  clerks  to  help  him  try  to  find  Garcia — 
and  then  come  back  and  tell  you  there  is  no  such  man.  Of 
course  I  may  lose  my  bet,  but  according  to  the  Law  of 
Average,  I  will  not. 

Now  if  you  are  wise  you  will  not  bother  to  explain  to 
your  "assistant  "  that  Correggio  is  indexed  under  the  C's, 
not  in  the  K's,  but  you  will  smile  sweetly  and  say,  "Never 
mind,"  and  go  look  it  up  yourself. 

And  this  incapacity  for  independent  action,  this  moral 
stupidity,  this  infirmity  of  the  will,  this  unwillingness  to 

141 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

cheerfully  catch  hold  and  lift,  are  the  things  that  put  pure 
Socialism  so  far  into  the  future.  If  men  will  not  act  for 
themselves,  what  will  they  do  when  the  benefit  of  their 
effort  is  for  all?  A  first-mate  with  knotted  club  seems 
necessary ;  and  the  dread  of  getting  "the  bounce  "  Satur- 
day night,  holds  many  a  worker  to  his  place. 

Advertise  for  a  stenographer,  and  nine  out  of  ten  who 
apply,  can  neither  spell  nor  punctuate — and  do  not  think 
it  necessary  to. 

Can  such  a  one  write  a  letter  to  Garcia? 

"You  see  that  book-keeper, "  said  the  foreman  to  me  in 
a  large  factory. 

"  Yes,  what  about  him?  " 

"Well,  he's  a  fine  accountant,  but  if  I'd  send  him  up 
town  on  an  errand,  he  might  accomplish  the  errand  all 
right,  and  on  the  other  hand,  might  stop  at  four  saloons 
on  the  way,  and  when  he  got  to  Main  Street,  would  forget 
what  he  had  been  sent  for. " 

Can  such  a  man  be  entrusted  to  carry  a  message  to 
Garcia? 

We  have  recently  been  hearing  much  maudlin  sympathy 
expressed  for  the  ' '  down-trodden  denizen  of  the  sweat- 
shop ' '  and  the  ' '  homeless  wanderer  searching  for  honest 
employment,"  and  with  it  all  often  go  many  hard  wrords 
for  the  men  in  power. 

Nothing  is  said  about  the  employer  who  grows  old  be- 
fore his  time  in  a  vain  attempt  to  get  frowsy  ne'er-do- 
wells  to  do  intelligent  work  ;  and  his  long  patient  striving 

142 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

with  "help  "  that  does  nothing  but  loaf  when  his  back  is 
turned.  In  every  store  and  factory  there  is  a  constant 
weeding-out  process  going  on.  The  employer  is  constantly 
sending  away  "help"  that  have  shown  their  incapacity 
to  further  the  interests  of  the  business,  and  others  are 
being  taken  on.  No  matter  how  good  times  are,  this  sort- 
ing continues,  only  if  times  are  hard  and  work  is  scarce, 
the  sorting  is  done  finer — but  out  and  forever  out,  the  in- 
competent and  unworthy  go.  It  is  the  survival  of  the 
fittest.  Self-interest  prompts  every  employer  to  keep  the 
best — those  who  can  carry  a  message  to  Garcia. 

I  know  one  man  of  really  brilliant  parts  who  has  not 
the  ability  to  manage  a  business  of  his  own,  and  yet  who  is 
absolutely  worthless  to  any  one  else,  because  he  carries 
with  him  constantly  the  insane  suspicion  that  his  employer 
is  oppressing,  or  intending  to  oppress  him.  He  cannot 
give  orders  ;  and  he  will  not  receive  them.  Should  a  mes- 
sage be  given  him  to  take  to  Garcia,  his  answer  would 
probably  be,  "  Take  it  yourself. ' ' 

To-night  this  man  walks  the  streets  looking  for  work, 
the  wind  whistling  through  his  threadbare  coat.  No  one 
who  knows  him  dare  employ  him,  for  he  is  a  regular  fire- 
brand of  discontent.  He  is  impervious  to  reason,  and  the 
only  thing  that  can  impress  him  is  the  toe  of  a  thick- 
soled  No.  9  boot. 

Of  course  I  know  that  one  so  morally  deformed  is  no 
less  to  be  pitied  than  a  physical  cripple  ;  but  in  our  pity- 
ing, let  us  drop  a  tear,  too,  for  the  men  who  are  striving 

143 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND  READER. 

to  carry  on  a  great  enterprise,  whose  working  hours  are 
not  limited  by  the  whistle,  and  whose  hair  is  fast  turning 
white  through  the  struggle  to  hold  in  line  dowdy  indiffer- 
ence, slip-shod  imbecility,  and  the  heartless  ingratitude, 
which,  but  for  their  enterprise,  would  be  both  hungry  and 
homeless. 

Have  I  put  the  matter  too  strongly?  Possibly  I  have  ; 
but  when  all  the  world  has  gone  a-slumming  I  wish  to 
speak  a  word  of  sympathy  for  the  man  who  succeeds — the 
man  who,  against  great  odds,  has  directed  the  efforts  of 
others,  and  having  succeeded,  finds  there's  nothing  in  it : 
nothing  but  bare  board  and  clothes. 

I  have  carried  a  dinner  pail  and  worked  for  day's 
wages,  and  I  have  also  been  an  employer  of  labor,  and  I 
know  there  is  something  to  be  said  on  both  sides.  There  is 
no  excellence,  per  se,  in  poverty ;  rags  are  no  recom- 
mendation ;  and  all  employers  are  not  rapacious  and 
high-handed,  any  more  than  all  poor  men  are  virtuous. 

My  heart  goes  out  to  the  man  who  does  his  work  when 
the  "boss  "  is  away,  as  well  as  when  he  is  at  home.  And 
the  man  who,  when  given  a  letter  for  Garcia,  quietly  takes 
the  missive,  without  asking  any  idiotic  questions,  and  with 
no  lurking  intention  of  chucking  it  into  the  nearest  sewer, 
or  of  doing  aught  else  but  deliver  it,  never  gets  "  laid  off, " 
nor  has  to  go  on  a  strike  for  higher  wages.  Civilization  is 
one  long  anxious  search  for  just  such  individuals.  Any- 
thing such  a  man  asks  shall  be  granted  ;  his  kind  is  so  rare 
that  no  employer  can  afford  to  let  him  go.  He  is  wanted 

144 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

in  every  city,  town  and  village — in  every  office,  shop, 
store  and  factory.  The  world  cries  out  for  such :  he  is 
needed,  and  needed  badly — the  man  who  can  carry  a  mes- 
sage to  Garcia. 


COURT  REPORTING. 

UNITED  STATES  CIRCUIT  COURT.— NORTHERN  DISTRICT  OF 
NEW  YORK. 

IN  EQUITY. 


Hiram  B.  Everest, 
v. 

The  Buffalo  Lubricating  Oil 
Company,  Limited. 


1 

Amended  Answer. 


Samuel  Van  Syckel,  a  witness  produced  on  behalf  of  said 
defendant,  being  by  me  first  duly  sworn,  testified  as  fol- 
lows, in  answer  to  questions  put  to  him  by  James  A.  Allen, 
Esq.,  defendant's  counsel : 

Q.     Please  state  your  age,  occupation  and  residence. 

A.  My  age  is  69  ;  residence,  Titusville,  Pa.  ;  connected 
with  the  oil  business. 

Q.  For  how  long  a  time  have  you  been  connected  with 
the  oil  business? 

A.     Since  1860. 

Q.  Have  you  been  at  any  time  a  proprietor,  in  whole 
or  in  part,  of  oil  refineries? 

A.     I  have  ;  from  1860  down  to  about  1872. 

io  145 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

Q.    How  long  have  you  been  a  resident  of  Titus ville? 

A.     About  17  years,  continuously. 

Q.  Are  you  the  patentee  named  in  various  Letters 
Patent  of  the  United  States,  for  improvements  connected 
with  the  distillation  of  petroleum,  and  among  other  Let- 
ters Patent,  dated  December  27,  1870,  No.  110,516,  put  in 
evidence  in  this  case  and  marked  "  Exhibit  M?  " 

A.    I  am. 

Q.  State  whether  or  not,  in  your  manufacture  of  re- 
fined oils,  you  have  practiced  the  use  of  steam  admitted 
through  pipes  within  the  still? 

A.    I  have. 

Q.    And  at  how  early  a  date? 

A.     Some  six  months  ;  probably  after  January,  1869. 

Q.  Describe  the  manner  in  which  you  have  used  steam 
in  the  manufacture  of  oils,  and  state  whether  or  not  you 
have  admitted  steam  within  the  oil  after  the  outside  fires 
had  been  put  out,  and  if  you  did,  at  what  date  you  first 
did  it? 

Objected  to  as  leading. 

A.  I  introduced  two  steam  pipes  in  a  large  still  I  had 
of  a  thousand  barrels  capacity  ;  out  of  one,  I  introduced  the 
steam  into  the  vapor  of  the  oil  in  the  still,  above  the  level 
of  the  oil  in  the  same.  I  continued  that  steam  there  until 
the  total  product  was  reduced  to  about  70  barrels  ;  then  I 
stopped  the  steam  going  into  the  vapor,  and  let  it  into  the 
body  of  the  oil  as  near  the  bottom  of  the  still  as  I  could 
get  it,  through  perforated  pipes  until  the  still  run  down  to 

146 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

a  very  small  quantity,  say  from  ten  to  twenty-five  barrels, 
which  could  lay  in  the  bottom  of  the  still,  which  was  large 
and  corrugated  ;  it  would  require  from  ten  to  twenty-five 
barrels  to  fill  up  these  low  places  in  the  bottom.  I  con- 
tinued the  steam  in  the  lower  pipes  in  this  oil  until  the 
remainder  could  be  drawn  off  by  a  slow  process,  and  the 
man-heads  of  the  still,  on  the  top,  could  be  taken  off,  so 
the  still  could  be  cooled  off  ;  after  that,  the  steam  was  taken 
out,  so  the  still  could  be  cooled  down.  The  fires  burned 
out,  or  went  out,  before  the  still  was  done  running.  This 
was  done  between  1869  and  1870. 

Q.     What  kept  the  oil  running  after  the  fires  went  out? 

Objected  to  as  leading. 

A.  This  still  I  referred  to  was  very  large,  required 
large  brick  work  to  support  it,  and  those  walls  being  red 
hot  caused  the  still  to  run  by  introducing  the  steam  into 
the  oil  for  as  long  a  time,  I  think,  as  three  hours ;  of 
course  the  stream  would  be  large  when  the  steam  was  in- 
troduced into  the  oil  at  first,  and  would  gradually  run 
down  to  a  small  stream. 

Q.    At  what  place  was  this  still  so  operated? 

A.     At  Titusville. 

Q.  When  the  still  had  ceased  running,  and  the  heavy 
oil  remaining  was  desired  to  be  drawn  out,  how  was  it 
drawn  out? 

Objected  to  as  incompetent. 

A.     Through  a  pipe  to  a  tank. 

Q.     State  whether  or  not,  the  steam  was  continued  in 

147 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND    READER. 

the  oil  until  this  oil  was  drawn  out  through  this  pipe  to 
the  tank? 

Objected  to  as  leading. 

A.  Sometimes  it  was,  and  at  other  times  it  was  not. 
When  we  were  in  a  hurry  to  fill  the  still,  we  would  draw 
out  this  remainder  by  continuing  the  steam  in  it  to  avoid 
any  danger  of  explosion. 

Q.  By  this  process  of  manufacture,  what  amount  of 
crude  oil  did  .you  run  through  at  this  factory? 

A.  I  think,  the  first  two  years  we  run  through  about 
two  hundred  thousand  barrels. 

The  witness  being  cross-examined  by  George  B.  Selden, 
Esq.,  complainant's  counsel,  further  testified  : 

X-Q.  Does  your  patent,  No.  110,516,  December  27, 
1870,  show  and  describe  the  introduction  of  steam  into  the 
still  above  the  upper  surface  of  the  oil  therein? 

A.     It  does. 

X-Q.  Does  it  in  any  way  describe  or  indicate  the  in- 
troduction of  steam  into  the  oil  itself  within  the  still? 

A.     It  does  not. 

X-Q.  What  is  the  name  of  this  refinery  at  Titusville 
which  you  have  been  connected  with? 

A.     It  is  known  as  the  Titusville  Oil  Refinery. 

X-Q.  What  are  the  dimensions  of  this  still  at  the  Titus- 
ville Oil  Refinery,  mentioned  by  you  in  your  direct 
examination? 

A.  Thirty  feet  diameter,  eight  feet  high,  with  a  cor- 
rugated convex  bottom  and  an  oval  top. 

148 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

X-Q,     Were  the  corrugations  circular  or  radial? 

A.     They  were  radial. 

X-Q.  What  was  the  depth  of  the  concavity  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  still  ? 

A.  The  lower  outer  edge  was  on  a  level  with  the  center 
of  the  bottom,  but  between  them  was  a  sag  of  six  inches. 

X-Q.  How  were  the  steam  pipes  arranged  in  the  bot- 
tom of  the  still? 

A.  One  main  pipe  went  from  the  top  to  the  bottom, 
and  there  some  half  dozen  shorter  pipes  branched  off  to 
near  the  outer  surface — the  ends  plugged  up  and  the  pipes 
perforated. 

X-Q.  As  I  understand  it,  you  were  making  a  burning 
oil  at  the  time  mentioned  in  your  examination? 

A.    It  was  all  burning  oil  that  I  made. 

X-Q.     Is  this  all  the  merchantable  oil  you  made? 

A.     It  was. 

X-Q.     What  kind  of  crude  oil  did  you  use? 

A.  Such  as  was  known  in  the  surroundings  of  Titus- 
ville — principally  Church  Run. 

X-Q.     Can  you  give  its  gravity? 

A.  Church  Run  is  about  44  gravity  ;  other  oils  run 
from  46  to  50. 

X-Q.  In  what  capacity  are  you  connected  with  the 
Titus ville  Oil  Refinery? 

A.  Under  the  contracts  on  which  it  was  built,  I  was  to 
be  half  owner,  and  my  wife  quarter  owner. 

149 


NEW    STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

X-Q.  Has  that  arrangement  continued  ever  since,  or 
are  you  the  superintendent? 

A.  I  was  only  superintendent  from,  the  time  it  com- 
menced to  about  the  latter  part  of  1872.  I  am  not  con- 
nected with  the  works  now,  and  have  not  been  since 
1872. 

RECESS  UNTIL  7.30,  P.  M. 

X-Q.  What  percentage  of  residuum  did  you  get  in 
your  manufacture  of  burning  oil? 

A.  The  first  six  months,  the  yield  was  79  90-100  of 
refined  oil.  The  first  six  months  the  residuum  was  about 
six  to  seven  per  cent.  It  was  all  put  into  another  still  and 
worked  all  into  refined  oil.  After  that,  it  was  about  two 
and  a  half  per  cent. ,  and  that  was  worked  over  the  same 
as  the  former. 

X-Q.     Did  you  have  any  final  residuum-tar  or  coke? 

A.  This  two  and  half  per  cent,  was  all  a  liquid  that, 
ran  out,  and  there  would  be  some  little  scrapings  off  of  the 
still  and  accumulations  of  coke  remaining.  I  got  coke  in 
the  working  up  of  the  two  and  a  half  per  cent.  This  was 
in  a  still  in  which  I  did  not  have  a  steam  pipe  in  the  oil, 
but  had  it  in  the  vapor. 

X-Q.  Can  you  give  the  names  of  any  of  the  employees 
of  the  Titus ville  Refinery,  while  you  were  superintendent? 

A.  The  two  stillmen — Adam  Heller  and  Philip  Halm 
— Hahn  went  from  Titusville,  a  week  or  so  ago,  to  the 
Island  of  Cuba — the  last  I  knew  of  Heller,  he  was  at 
Hunter's  Point.  Charles  Moore,  who  helped  me  construct 

150 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

the  works,  is-  dead.  I  think  there  was  one  by  the  name  of 
Mier  ;  I  can't  give  the  names  of  any  more. 

X-Q.  While  you  were  superintendent  of  the  Titusville 
Oil  "Works,  what  was  your  custom  with  regard  to  admit- 
ting visitors  to  the  works? 

A.     It  was  all  open  and  free  to  all. 

X-Q.     Are  the  works  still  in  operation? 

A.     They  are. 

X-Q.  Do  they  manufacture  lubricating  oils  there  at  the 
Titusville  Oil  Works  now? 

A.  They  make  a  large  amount  of  paraffine  oil,  which 
is  sent  to  Oil  City,  where  it  is  made  into  lubricating  oil. 
They  make  no  lubricating  oil  at  the  Titusville  works  now  ; 
the  heavy  portion  is  sent  down  below  to  be  worked  up. 
The  oil  they  send  from  the  Titusville  Works  to  Oil  City  is 
frozen  and  pressed,  and  is  about  24  gravity.  It  is  a  distil- 
late— they  call  it  lubricating  oil  and  they  call  it  paraffine 
oil. 

X-Q.  How  does  it  happen,  that  in  taking  out  your 
patent,  No.  110,516,  you  failed  to  mention  therein  the  use 
of  steam  in  the  oil  in  the  still  if  you  were  using  such  a 
process  before  you  took  out  said  patent? 

A.  I  was  informed  that  a  man  named  Edwards  had 
such  a  patent,  or  a  similar  one — I  never  saw  it. 

X-Q.     Have  you  ever  read  the  Everest  patent? 

A.     I  never  did. 

X-Q.  To  what  temperature  did  you  carry  the  heat  of 
the  oil  in  the  still  at  the  end  of  your  process  of  distillation? 

151 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND   READER. 

A.     I  never  tested  it ;  I  hardly  know.     I  should  say 
700  or  800. 

R-D.-Q.     "Who  has  the  management  of  the  Titusville 
Oil  Refinery  at  the  present  time? 

A.     The  Acme  Oil  Co.     It  is  a  wing  of  the  Standard,  I 
understand. 

SAMUEL  VAN  SYCKEL. 

Sworn  to  before  me,  this  29th 
day  of  November,  1882. 

CHAS.  B.  HILL, 

Special  Examiner. 


152 


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